在C ++中不使用sizeof的情况下对象的大小

Question

This was an interview question:

Say there is a class having only an int member. You do not know how many bytes the int will occupy. And you cannot view the class implementation (say it's an API). But you can create an object of it. How would you find the size needed for int without using sizeof.

He wouldn't accept using bitset , either.

Can you please suggest the most efficient way to find this out?

Answer 1

The following program demonstrates a valid technique to compute the size of an object.

#include <iostream>

struct Foo
{
   int f;
};

int main()
{
   // Create an object of the class.
   Foo foo;

   // Create a pointer to it.
   Foo* p1 = &foo;

   // Create another pointer, offset by 1 object from p1
   // It is legal to compute (p1+1) but it is not legal
   // to dereference (p1+1)
   Foo* p2 = p1+1;

   // Cast both pointers to char*.
   char* cp1 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(p1);
   char* cp2 = reinterpret_cast<char*>(p2);

   // Compute the size of the object.
   size_t size = (cp2-cp1);

   std::cout << "Size of Foo: " << size << std::endl;
}

Answer 2

Using pointer algebra:

#include <iostream>

class A
{
    int a;
};

int main() {
    A a1;
    A * n1 = &a1;
    A * n2 = n1+1;
    std::cout << int((char *)n2 - (char *)n1) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Answer 3

Yet another alternative without using pointers. You can use it if in the next interview they also forbid pointers. Your comment "The interviewer was leading me to think on lines of overflow and underflow" might also be pointing at this method or similar.

#include <iostream>
int main() {
    unsigned int x = 0, numOfBits = 0;
    for(x--; x; x /= 2) numOfBits++;
    std::cout << "number of bits in an int is: " << numOfBits;
    return 0;
}

It gets the maximum value of an unsigned int (decrementing zero in unsigned mode) then subsequently divides by 2 until it reaches zero. To get the number of bytes , divide by CHAR_BIT .

Answer 4

Pointer arithmetic can be used without actually creating any objects:

class c {
    int member;
};

c *ptr = 0;
++ptr;
int size = reinterpret_cast<int>(ptr);

Alternatively:

int size = reinterpret_cast<int>( static_cast<c*>(0) + 1 );