如何在python单元测试中覆盖（而非修补）单个方法

Question

I've searched for hours. Can't find anyone even trying to do this. Hmmm.

I believe I have to override a single method within a class instance. I do not mean patch(return_value=) . I need to make the method in question do something involving self .

I'll try to break it down. Liberally paraphrasing and including one of the many things I tried, which doesn't work ...

class SetupClass(object):
    def set_some_stuff(self):
        data_list = functon_cannot_be_run_on_test_platform()
        self.something = data_list[0]
        self.something_else = data_list[1]

class UUT(object):
    self.config = SetupClass()
    assert self.config.something == 'foo'

class UnitTests(TestCase):

    @patch('SetupClass')
    def test_UUT(self, mock1):

        def WedgeClass(SetupClass):
            def set_some_stuff(self):
                self.something = 'foo'
                pass # I'm a Python newbie, in too deep

        wedge_class = WedgeClass()
        mock1.return_value = wedge_class # doesn't work. context errors

        uut = UUT() # <-- would crash here, because assert above

Assume that I cannot make changes to UUT or SetupClass .

Testing cannot even get off the ground because the assertion will fail, due to, SetupClass.functon_cannot_be_run_on_test_platform() . Note that simply mocking SetupClass.functon_cannot_be_run_on_test_platform will not solve the problem, because reasons.

ATM, I figure the only way to get around this mess is to somehow override SetupClass.set_some_stuff . I cannot simply mock the entire class, because UUT relies heavily on its other functionality as well. I need everything to work as is, except this one method and I need that method to be able to access, self in the same context as originally intend.

I tried various things involving subclassing and mock.return_value etc. I'd rather not recall the pain that caused. :p

My kingdom for test-driven code in the first place! This code contains a convolution of co-dependencies. :-/

Answer 1

Apart from the multiple errors in the example code I wrote up off the top of my head at the cafe ...

The problem was (mostly) that I was using return_value instead of side_effect to 'replace' the patched class with my own subclass.

My need, re-stated perhaps more clearly now, is to override a single method, set_some_stuff , in a class within the unit under test (UUT) but without mocking the class.

The method issues several 'self.foo = bar' statements, which I want to change for testing purposes. Thus, mocking the method's (unused) return value is not enough ... and patch.object seems to lose class context, "'self' unknown" or the like.

Finally , here is the working code, doing what I need ...

import unittest
import mock

class SetupClass(object):
    def set_some_stuff(self):
        data_list = ['data not available', 'on test_platform'] # CRASH!
        self.something = data_list[0]
        self.something_else = data_list[1]

class UUT:
    def __init__(self):
        self.config = SetupClass()
        self.config.set_some_stuff()
        assert self.config.something == 'foo' # <-- used to crash before here ...
        self.got_here = True # ... but now the override method from
                             # WedgeClass is being used! :=)

"""
Subclass the original class, overriding just the method in question.  Then set
the subclass as the side_effect of the patched original, effectively replacing it.
"""
class WedgeClass(SetupClass):
    def set_some_stuff(self):
        self.something = 'foo'
        pass # I'm a Python newbie, in too deep

class UnitTests(unittest.TestCase):

    @mock.patch(__module__+'.SetupClass')
    def test_UUT(self, mock1):
        wedge_class = WedgeClass()
        mock1.side_effect = WedgeClass # <--- Ureka! 'side_effect' not 'return_value' was the ley!

        uut = UUT()
        self.assertTrue(uut.got_here)