具有关联类型的Swift协议（类型查找不明确）

Question

I need to create generic function in protocol with default implementation in extension. It func should work with item as enum : RawRepresentable where RawValue == String always. I tried

protocol RequiresEnum: class {
    associatedtype SectionIdentifierEnum: RawRepresentable // how this add restriction to RawValue == String

    func test<T: SectionIdentifierEnum>(identifier: T) where T.RawValue == String
}

enum RequiresEnumDefault: String {
    case `default`
}

extension RequiresEnum where Self: UIViewController, SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue == String {

    typealias SectionIdentifierEnum = RequiresEnumDefault

    func test<T: SectionIdentifierEnum>(identifier: T) where T.RawValue == String {
        print(T.rawValue)
    }

}

but i have errors

• 'SectionIdentifierEnum' is ambiguous for type lookup in this context
• 'RawValue' is not a member type of 'T'

Any solutions

Answer 1

Generally when covering generics in the context of protocols, the generic typeholder is seen as representable by an associatedtype of the protocol. In your example this would be SectionIdentifierEnum , which acts as a placeholder for a constrained type . SectionIdenfierEnum is not, however, a protocol by itself, so cannot use it as a type constraint in a generic method. You can , however, use it as the type itself in your test(...) method.

---

Swift 3.1

Now, currently (Swift 3.1), you can't add sophisticated type constrains to an associatedtype . You could can, however, supply a default implementation available only for the case the where Self derives from UIViewController and implements the RequiresEnum protocol by setting the SectionIdentifierEnum type to the concrete RequiresEnumDefault type. The latter will ascertain that the associated RawValue is String for this default implementation, as the RawValue of the concrete RequiresEnumDefault type is String .

Eg:

// Swift 3.1
// ---------
// Types that implement this protocol mustn't necessarily use a
// `SectionIdentifierEnum` type where `SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue` 
// is constrained to equal `String`. 
protocol RequiresEnum: class {
    associatedtype SectionIdentifierEnum: RawRepresentable

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum)
}

enum RequiresEnumDefault: String {
    case `default`
}

// This extension, however, is only available for types that use
// `RequiresEnumDefault ` as the concrete type of `SectionIdentifierEnum`
// (in which case `SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue` is `String`).
extension RequiresEnum where Self: UIViewController, SectionIdentifierEnum == RequiresEnumDefault {

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum) {
        print(identifier.rawValue)
    }
}

// Example usage.
class MyViewController : UIViewController, RequiresEnum {
    typealias SectionIdentifierEnum = RequiresEnumDefault
    // ...
}

let foo = MyViewController()
foo.test(identifier: RequiresEnumDefault.default) 
  // prints "default" (using extension:s default implementation)

Above, the default implementation of test(...) is only available when SectionIdentifierEnum equals the concrete type RequireEnumDefault (and Self derives from UIViewController ...). If instead you want it to only be available when SectionIdentifierEnum is any enum with String typed RawValue , you modify the type constraint of the extensions accordingly:

protocol RequiresEnum: class {
    associatedtype SectionIdentifierEnum: RawRepresentable

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum)
}

enum RequiresEnumDefault: String {
    case `default`
}

extension RequiresEnum where Self: UIViewController, SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue == String {

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum) {
        print(identifier.rawValue)
    }
}


// Example usage.
enum EnumWithStringRawValue: String {
    case foo
}

class MyViewController : UIViewController, RequiresEnum {
    typealias SectionIdentifierEnum = EnumWithStringRawValue
    // ...
}

let foo = MyViewController()
foo.test(identifier: EnumWithStringRawValue.foo)
    // prints "foo" (using extension:s default implementation)

---

Once Swift 4 is released, you'll be able to add more sophisticated constraints to associatedtype :s, as per the implementation of Swift evolution proposal:

• SE-0142: Permit where clauses to constrain associated types

In which case the above can be modified into:

// Swift 4
// -------
// Here, all types that implement this protocol must use a
// `SectionIdentifierEnum` type where `SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue` 
// is equal to `String`. 
protocol RequiresEnum: class {
    associatedtype SectionIdentifierEnum: RawRepresentable 
        where SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue == String

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum)
}

enum RequiresEnumDefault: String {
    case `default`
}

// For the specific case where `SectionIdentifierEnum` equals
// `RequiresEnumDefault` (and where `Self` derives from `UIViewController`), 
// this default implementation is readily available.
extension RequiresEnum where Self: UIViewController, SectionIdentifierEnum == RequiresEnumDefault {

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum) {
        print(identifier.rawValue)
    }

}

// Example usage.
class MyViewController : UIViewController, RequiresEnum {
    typealias SectionIdentifierEnum = RequiresEnumDefault
    // ...
}

let foo = MyViewController()
foo.test(identifier: RequiresEnumDefault.default) 
  // prints "default" (using extension:s default implementation)

Likewise modifying the constraint on the default implementation of test(...) not only to the case where SectionIdentifierEnum equals RequiresEnumDefault (but to any enum: in this case we know such enum will always have a RawValue String , due to the constraint on the associatedtype in the protocol definition).

protocol RequiresEnum: class {
    associatedtype SectionIdentifierEnum: RawRepresentable 
        where SectionIdentifierEnum.RawValue == String

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum)
}

enum RequiresEnumDefault: String {
    case `default`
}

// From the constraint on the `RawValue` of `SectionIdentifierEnum`
// above, we know that `RawValue` equals `String`.
extension RequiresEnum where Self: UIViewController {

    func test(identifier: SectionIdentifierEnum) {
        print(identifier.rawValue)
    }
}

// Example usage.
enum EnumWithStringRawValue: String {
    case foo
}
class MyViewController : UIViewController, RequiresEnum {
    typealias SectionIdentifierEnum = EnumWithStringRawValue
    // ...
}

let foo = MyViewController()
foo.test(identifier: EnumWithStringRawValue.foo) 
  // prints "foo" (using extension:s default implementation)