正则表达式：区分下划线（_）和破折号（-）

Question

I want to construct a pattern that identifies the valid domain name. A valid domain name has alphanumeric characters and dashes in it. The only rule is that the name should not begin or end with a dash.

I have a regular expression for the validation as ^\\w((\\w|-)*\\w)?$

However the expression is validating the strings with underscores too (for ex.: cake_centre) which is wrong. Can anyone tell me why this is happening and how it can be corrected?

PS: I am using preg_match() function in PHP for checking the validation.

Answer 1

The metacharacter \\w includes underscores, you can make a character class that will allow your listed requirements:

[a-zA-Z\d-]

or per your regex:

^[a-zA-Z\d]([a-zA-Z\d-]*[a-zA-Z\d])?$

(Also note the - position in the character class is important, a - at the start or end is the literal value. If you have it in the middle it can create a range. What special characters must be escaped in regular expressions? )

Answer 2

Underscores are being validated because they are part of the \\w character class. If you want to exclude it, try:

/^[a-z0-9]+[a-z0-9\-]*[a-z0-9]+$/i

Answer 3

Here is the regexp with lookaround approach

 (?<!-)([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)(?!-)

regexp pattern is created in 3 groups

First group ^(?<!-) is negetive look back to ensure that matched chars does not have dash before

Second group ([a-zA-Z0-9_]+) give matching characters

Third group (?!-) is negetive lookahead to ensure match is not ending with dash