python导入根文件夹并使用所有子文件夹

Question

With the following dir structure

.
├── setup.py
└── yourpackage
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── some_module.py
    ├── other_module.py
    └── sub_package
        ├── __init__.py
        └── more_modules.py

Is it possible to do this:

>> import yourpackage as yp
>> yp.some_module.bar()
>> yp.sub_package.more_modules.foo()

where the contents of some_module is

def bar(): print('bar')

where the contents of more_modules is

def foo(): print('foo')

I can't seem to get this to work

EDIT: The error I would get in the first case is

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: module 'yourpackage' has no attribute 'some_module'

In the second case, it's a similar error, but with more_modules

Answer 1

If you want to use the inner modules without importing them explicitly you have to import them in the __init__.py file:

import some_module
import other_module
import sub_package

and in sub_package/__init__.py :

import more_modules

Note that that might make the first import of the module slower.

Other option is to import them explicitly in your code:

>> import yourpackage.some_module
>> import yourpackage.sub_package.more_modules
>> yourpackage.some_module.bar()
>> yourpackage.sub_package.more_modules.foo()

Answer 2

Imports are quite tricky in fact ...

you could do as follows:

import yourpackage as yp
from yourpackage import some_module  #yp does not work

call in ipython:

In [8]: yp.some_module.bar()
bar

then

import yourpackage.sub_package
from yourpackage.sub_package import more_modules

call in ipython:

In [20]: yp.sub_package.more_modules.foo()
foo

You have to import top package then subpackages ...

Here's an interesting link: https://www.codementor.io/sheena/python-path-virtualenv-import-for-beginners-du107r3o1

and this one as well :) : https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/modules.html

Answer 3

To pile on the answer of @A.Joly and @slallum: actually, I found a combination of their methods actually works. I created these:

pycharmprojects
   |_networkxy
       |_ main_run.py  ---- misleading name, it's just an ordinary file
       |_ more_module.py
       |_ __init__.py

content of __init__.py :

from . import main_run
from . import more_module

content of main_run.py :

def some_module():
    print('some module')

content of more_module.py :

def more_module():
    print('more module')

Now, at directory pycharmprojects , in command line:

(C:\Users\Name\.conda\envs\my_root) C:\Users\Name\PycharmProjects>python
Python 3.6.0 |Anaconda custom (64-bit)| (default, Dec 23 2016, 11:57:41) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import networkxy
>>> networkxy.main_run.some_module()
some module
>>> networkxy.more_module.more_module()
more module

Note: for some reasons, I cannot do import main_run in __init__.py , but the from . import * from . import * seems to work.