我的乌龟代码有一个错误，我似乎无法解决

Question

I'm trying to get it to show up on turtle but I keep getting "shape_color is not defined" on line 50(second to last line)

If I change it to box_color I get

line 14, in crescent
t.circle(width, extent=180, steps=none)
NameError: name 'none' is not defined

I don't understand why the rest don't get this error, please help.

import random
import turtle as t

def crescent(x, y, width, height, shape_color):
    t.fillcolor(shape_color)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(x, y)
    t.pendown()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(width, extent=180, steps=none)
    t.endfill()
    t.penup()
    t.fillcolor("white")
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()  
    t.fillcolor("white") 

def star(x, y, width, shape_color):
    t.fillcolor(shape_color)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(x, y)
    t.pendown()
    t.begin_fill()
    for s in range(5):
        t.forward(width)
        t.right(144)
    t.end_fill()
#--------------------------------------------------------------------

t.colormode(255)  
t.tracer(-1)


for n in range(10):
    x = random.randint(-200, 200)
    y = random.randint(-200, 200)

    r = random.randint(0, 255)
    g = random.randint(0, 255)
    b = random.randint(0, 255)
    box_color = (r, g, b)

    width  = random.randint(5, 50) 
    height = random.randint(5, 50) 

    crescent(x, y, width, height, box_color)
    star(x, y, width, height, shape_color)

Answer 1

I think the code has two check points. first, change t.fillcolor(white) to t.fillcolor("white") .

Second, change crescent(x, y, width, height, shape_color to crescent(x, y, width, height, box_color . Because you assignment variable box_color, not shape_color. It's just parameter on 'crescent'

Answer 2

Yoy have many mistakes:

-

Inside for you execute star(x, y, width, height, shape_color) but you didn't defive shape_color . You need at least:

shape_color = box_color
star(x, y, width, height, shape_color)

-

In t.circle you use step=none but it has to be None with upper N .
But you can also skip step=None and it will use step=None as default.
See documentation: turtle - circle

t.circle(width, extent=180)

-

You forgot _ in command t.endfill() - it has to be t.end_fill()

-

Function star expects 4 arguments def star(x, y, width, shape_color): but in for loop you execute it with 5 arguments star(x, y, width, height, shape_color)'. You have to remove star(x, y, width, height, shape_color)'. You have to remove height`

shape_color = box_color
star(x, y, width, shape_color)

---

Full code:

import random
import turtle as t

def crescent(x, y, width, height, shape_color):
    t.fillcolor(shape_color)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(x, y)
    t.pendown()
    t.begin_fill()
    t.circle(width, extent=180)
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()
    t.fillcolor("white")
    t.end_fill()
    t.penup()  
    t.fillcolor("white") 

def star(x, y, width, shape_color):
    t.fillcolor(shape_color)
    t.penup()
    t.goto(x, y)
    t.pendown()
    t.begin_fill()
    for s in range(5):
        t.forward(width)
        t.right(144)
    t.end_fill()
#--------------------------------------------------------------------

t.colormode(255)  
t.tracer(-1)


for n in range(10):
    x = random.randint(-200, 200)
    y = random.randint(-200, 200)

    r = random.randint(0, 255)
    g = random.randint(0, 255)
    b = random.randint(0, 255)
    box_color = (r, g, b)

    width  = random.randint(5, 50) 
    height = random.randint(5, 50) 

    crescent(x, y, width, height, box_color)
    star(x, y, width, shape_color)

Answer 3

When repeatedly laying down polygons, you might consider stamping instead of drawing . When stamping, we create a turtle for each shape that itself has that shape. We then move, color and size the turtle as desired and then stamp it. This has a couple of advantages: speed; the ability to tap into graphic operations (like shear ) that drawing can't:

from random import randint, random
import turtle

SHAPE_SIZE = 20

def crescent(width):
    turtle.begin_poly()
    turtle.circle(width, extent=180)
    turtle.end_poly()

    return turtle.get_poly()

def star(width):
    turtle.begin_poly()
    for _ in range(5):
        turtle.forward(width)
        turtle.right(144)
    turtle.end_poly()

    return turtle.get_poly()

screen = turtle.Screen()
width, height = screen.window_width() / 2, screen.window_height() / 2

turtle.penup()  # use the 'default' turtle to create the other two turtles
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.setheading(90)
turtle.speed('fastest')

screen.register_shape('crescent', crescent(SHAPE_SIZE))
crescent_turtle = turtle.Turtle('crescent', visible=False)
crescent_turtle.speed('fastest')
crescent_turtle.penup()

screen.register_shape('star', star(SHAPE_SIZE))
star_turtle = turtle.Turtle('star', visible=False)
star_turtle.speed('fastest')
star_turtle.penup()

for _ in range(25):
    x, y = randint(-width, width), randint(-height, height)

    r, g, b = random(), random(), random()
    shape_color = (r, g, b)

    size = randint(5, 50)

    heading = [0, 180][randint(0, 1)]

    for tortoise in [crescent_turtle, star_turtle]:
        tortoise.turtlesize(SHAPE_SIZE / size, outline=1)
        tortoise.setheading(heading)
        tortoise.color(shape_color)
        tortoise.goto(x, y)
        tortoise.stamp()

screen.exitonclick()

In some ways, it can simplify the logic (compare my definitions of star() and crescent() to other solutions.) It also has its limitations, eg we need to work with simple polygons.