将映射值复制到 STL 中的向量

Question

Working my way through Effective STL at the moment. Item 5 suggests that it's usually preferable to use range member functions to their single element counterparts. I currently wish to copy all the values in a map (ie - I don't need the keys) to a vector.

What is the cleanest way to do this?

Answer 1

You could probably use std::transform for that purpose. I would maybe prefer Neils version though, depending on what is more readable.

---

Example by xtofl (see comments):

#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>

template< typename tPair >
struct second_t {
    typename tPair::second_type operator()( const tPair& p ) const { return p.second; }
};

template< typename tMap > 
second_t< typename tMap::value_type > second( const tMap& m ) { return second_t< typename tMap::value_type >(); }


int main() {
    std::map<int,bool> m;
    m[0]=true;
    m[1]=false;
    //...
    std::vector<bool> v;
    std::transform( m.begin(), m.end(), std::back_inserter( v ), second(m) );
    std::transform( m.begin(), m.end(), std::ostream_iterator<bool>( std::cout, ";" ), second(m) );
}

Very generic, remember to give him credit if you find it useful.

Answer 2

You can't easily use a range here because the iterator you get from a map refers to a std::pair, where the iterators you would use to insert into a vector refers to an object of the type stored in the vector, which is (if you are discarding the key) not a pair.

I really don't think it gets much cleaner than the obvious:

#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    typedef map <string, int> MapType;
    MapType m;  
    vector <int> v;

    // populate map somehow

    for( MapType::iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it ) {
        v.push_back( it->second );
    }
}

which I would probably re-write as a template function if I was going to use it more than once. Something like:

template <typename M, typename V> 
void MapToVec( const  M & m, V & v ) {
    for( typename M::const_iterator it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it ) {
        v.push_back( it->second );
    }
}

Answer 3

Old question, new answer. With C++11 we have the fancy new for loop:

for (const auto &s : schemas)
   names.push_back(s.first);

where schemas is a std::map and names is an std::vector .

This populates the array (names) with keys from the map (schemas); change s.first to s.second to get an array of values.

Answer 4

#include <algorithm> // std::transform
#include <iterator>  // std::back_inserter
std::transform( 
    your_map.begin(), 
    your_map.end(),
    std::back_inserter(your_values_vector),
    [](auto &kv){ return kv.second;} 
);

Sorry that I didn't add any explanation - I thought that code is so simple that is doesn't require any explanation. So:

transform( beginInputRange, endInputRange, outputIterator, unaryOperation)

this function calls unaryOperation on every item from inputIterator range ( beginInputRange - endInputRange ). The value of operation is stored into outputIterator .

If we want to operate through whole map - we use map.begin() and map.end() as our input range. We want to store our map values into vector - so we have to use back_inserter on our vector: back_inserter(your_values_vector) . The back_inserter is special outputIterator that pushes new elements at the end of given (as paremeter) collection. The last parameter is unaryOperation - it takes only one parameter - inputIterator's value. So we can use lambda: [](auto &kv) { [...] } , where &kv is just a reference to map item's pair. So if we want to return only values of map's items we can simply return kv.second:

[](auto &kv) { return kv.second; }

I think this explains any doubts.

Answer 5

If you are using the boost libraries , you can use boost::bind to access the second value of the pair as follows:

#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>

int main()
{
   typedef std::map<std::string, int> MapT;
   typedef std::vector<int> VecT;
   MapT map;
   VecT vec;

   map["one"] = 1;
   map["two"] = 2;
   map["three"] = 3;
   map["four"] = 4;
   map["five"] = 5;

   std::transform( map.begin(), map.end(),
                   std::back_inserter(vec),
                   boost::bind(&MapT::value_type::second,_1) );
}

This solution is based on a post from Michael Goldshteyn on the boost mailing list .

Answer 6

Using lambdas one can perform the following:

{
   std::map<std::string,int> m;
   std::vector<int> v;
   v.reserve(m.size());
   std::for_each(m.begin(),m.end(),
                 [&v](const std::map<std::string,int>::value_type& p) 
                 { v.push_back(p.second); });
}

Answer 7

Here is what I would do.
Also I would use a template function to make the construction of select2nd easier.

#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

/*
 * A class to extract the second part of a pair
 */   
template<typename T>
struct select2nd
{
    typename T::second_type operator()(T const& value) const
    {return value.second;}
};

/*
 * A utility template function to make the use of select2nd easy.
 * Pass a map and it automatically creates a select2nd that utilizes the
 * value type. This works nicely as the template functions can deduce the
 * template parameters based on the function parameters. 
 */
template<typename T>
select2nd<typename T::value_type> make_select2nd(T const& m)
{
    return select2nd<typename T::value_type>();
}

int main()
{
    std::map<int,std::string>   m;
    std::vector<std::string>    v;

    /*
     * Please note: You must use std::back_inserter()
     *              As transform assumes the second range is as large as the first.
     *              Alternatively you could pre-populate the vector.
     *
     * Use make_select2nd() to make the function look nice.
     * Alternatively you could use:
     *    select2nd<std::map<int,std::string>::value_type>()
     */   
    std::transform(m.begin(),m.end(),
                   std::back_inserter(v),
                   make_select2nd(m)
                  );
}

Answer 8

I thought it should be

std::transform( map.begin(), map.end(), 
                   std::back_inserter(vec), 
                   boost::bind(&MapT::value_type::first,_1) ); 

Answer 9

Why not:

template<typename K, typename V>
std::vector<V> MapValuesAsVector(const std::map<K, V>& map)
{
   std::vector<V> vec;
   vec.reserve(map.size());
   std::for_each(std::begin(map), std::end(map),
        [&vec] (const std::map<K, V>::value_type& entry) 
        {
            vec.push_back(entry.second);
        });
    return vec;
}

usage:

auto vec = MapValuesAsVector(anymap);

Answer 10

We should use the transform function from STL algorithm, the last parameter of transform function could be a function object, function pointer or a lambda function that convert item of map to item of vector. This case map have items have type pair that need to convert to item that has int type for vector. Here is my solution that I use lambda function:

#include <algorithm> // for std::transform
#include <iterator>  // for back_inserted

// Map of pair <int, string> need to convert to vector of string
std::map<int, std::string> mapExp = { {1, "first"}, {2, "second"}, {3, "third"}, {4,"fourth"} };

// vector of string to store the value type of map
std::vector<std::string> vValue;

// Convert function
std::transform(mapExp.begin(), mapExp.end(), std::back_inserter(vValue),
       [](const std::pair<int, string> &mapItem)
       {
         return mapItem.second;
       });

Answer 11

One way is to use functor:

 template <class T1, class T2>
    class CopyMapToVec
    {
    public: 
        CopyMapToVec(std::vector<T2>& aVec): mVec(aVec){}

        bool operator () (const std::pair<T1,T2>& mapVal) const
        {
            mVec.push_back(mapVal.second);
            return true;
        }
    private:
        std::vector<T2>& mVec;
    };


int main()
{
    std::map<std::string, int> myMap;
    myMap["test1"] = 1;
    myMap["test2"] = 2;

    std::vector<int>  myVector;

    //reserve the memory for vector
    myVector.reserve(myMap.size());
    //create the functor
    CopyMapToVec<std::string, int> aConverter(myVector);

    //call the functor
    std::for_each(myMap.begin(), myMap.end(), aConverter);
}

Answer 12

The other answers mention std::transform , and semantically it's the right choice. But in practice std::accumulate might fit better for this task, because:

• it allows adding const to the resulting vector;
• it just looks nicer, truly functional-style.

Example (using C++17 syntax):

#include <numeric> // for std::accumulate. Note that it's not in <algorithm> where std::transform is located, thanks to Anton Krug for pointing this out

auto map = std::map<int,bool>{};
map[0]=true;
map[1]=false;

const auto mapValues = std::accumulate(map.begin(), map.end(), std::vector<bool>(map.size()), [](auto& vector, const auto& mapEntry) {
    vector.push_back(mapEntry.second);
    return vector;
});

Answer 13

Surprised nobody has mentioned the most obvious solution , use the std::vector constructor.

template<typename K, typename V>
std::vector<std::pair<K,V>> mapToVector(const std::unordered_map<K,V> &map)
{
    return std::vector<std::pair<K,V>>(map.begin(), map.end());
}