为什么使用 Option::map 到 Box::new 特性对象不起作用？

Question

trait FooTrait {}

struct FooStruct;

impl FooTrait for FooStruct {}

fn main() {
    let maybe_struct: Option<dyn FooStruct> = None;

    //  Does not compile
    let maybe_trait: Option<Box<dyn FooTrait>> = maybe_struct.map(Box::new);

    // Compiles fine
    let maybe_trait: Option<Box<dyn FooTrait>> = match maybe_struct {
        Some(s) => Some(Box::new(s)),
        None => None,
    };
}

error[E0404]: expected trait, found struct `FooStruct`
 --> src/main.rs:9:34
  |
9 |     let maybe_struct: Option<dyn FooStruct> = None;
  |                                  ^^^^^^^^^ not a trait

Rustc 1.23.0. Why doesn't the first approach compile? Am I missing something obvious, or... huh?

Answer 1

Box::new only works with sized types; that is, it takes a value of a sized type T and returns Box<T> . In certain places a Box<T> can be coerced into a Box<U> (if T: Unsize<U> ).

Such coercion does not happen in .map(Box::new) , but does in Some(Box::new(s)) ; the latter is basically the same as Some(Box::new(s) as Box<FooTrait>) .

You could create (in nightly) your own box constructor that returns boxes of unsized types like this:

#![feature(unsize)]

fn box_new_unsized<T, U>(v: T) -> Box<U>
where
    T: ::std::marker::Unsize<U>,
    U: ?Sized,
{
    Box::<T>::new(v)
}

and use it like .map(box_new_unsized) . See Playground .