python - 给定两个元组列表找到它们之间最接近的元组（dist

Question

I have two lists with tuples (coordinates), for example:

some_pt1 = [(10.76,2.9),(3.24,4.28),(7.98,1.98),(3.21,9.87)]
some_pt2 = [(11.87,6.87), (67.87,8.88), (44.44, 6.78), (9.81, 1.09), (6.91, 0.56), (8.76, 8.97), (8.21, 71.66)]

• each value in the tuples is a flat
• the lists are not in the same length

I what to find the two closest points between the two lists. I don't know how, maybe it is possible to do it using distances. I hope there is a more efficient way to do this cause I need this function to work as fast as possible (it is a part of something bigger).

Answer 1

Alternatively, by taking reference Tim Seed's code. this can be used.

from scipy.spatial import distance
some_pt1 = [(10.76,2.9),(3.24,4.28),(7.98,1.98),(3.21,9.87)]
some_pt2 = [(11.87,6.87), (67.87,8.88), (44.44, 6.78), (9.81, 1.09), (6.91, 0.56), (8.76, 8.97), (8.21, 71.66)]

empthy_dict = {}
for i in range(len(some_pt1)):
    for j in range(len(some_pt2)):
        dist = distance.euclidean(some_pt1[i],some_pt2[j])
        empthy_dict[dist] = [some_pt1[i],some_pt2[j]]

shortest = sorted(empthy_dict.keys())[0]
points = empthy_dict[shortest]
print('Shortest distance is ' ,shortest,' and points are ' ,points)

Answer 2

How about this

from pprint import pprint

some_pt1 = [(10.76,2.9),(3.24,4.28),(7.98,1.98),(3.21,9.87)]
some_pt2 = [(11.87,6.87), (67.87,8.88), (44.44, 6.78), (9.81, 1.09), (6.91, 0.56), (8.76, 8.97), (8.21, 71.66)]


distance = {}
for x in some_pt1:
    for y in some_pt2:
        dist =abs(abs(x[0])-abs(y[0]))+abs(abs(x[1])-abs(y[1]))
        distance[dist]=[x,y]

shortest =sorted(distance.keys())[0]
print("Min Distance is {} Objects are  {} {} ".format(shortest, distance[shortest][0],distance[shortest][0]))

Answer 3

In any case you need to do all posible combinations, there are algorithms out there that can help you do it in the best order or avoiding repeating distances. If you want to do it fast you should use a special library that helps compiling with the or precompiling the arrays, this could be done with Numba or Cython . Other libraries such as scipy have special modules suh as scipy.spatial.distance . Look at this post for more doubts similar cuestion .

Example:

import scipy.spatial.distance as sd
import numpy as np
some_pt1 = [(10.76,2.9),(3.24,4.28),(7.98,1.98),(3.21,9.87)]
some_pt2 = [(11.87,6.87), (67.87,8.88), (44.44, 6.78), (9.81, 1.09), (6.91, 0.56), (8.76, 8.97), (8.21, 71.66)]
np.unravel_index(np.argmin(sd.cdist(some_pt1, some_pt2)), (len(some_pt1), len(some_pt2)))

results: (2, 4)

This code would return the position in the first list and in the second.

Answer 4

By Euclidian distance:

>>> some_pt1 = [(10.76,2.9),(3.24,4.28),(7.98,1.98),(3.21,9.87)]
>>> some_pt2 = [(11.87,6.87), (67.87,8.88), (44.44, 6.78), (9.81, 1.09), (6.91, 0.56), (8.76, 8.97), (8.21, 71.66)]
>>> 
>>> def dist_sq(p1_p2):
...     p1, p2 = p1_p2
...     return sum(x*y for x,y in zip(p1, p2))
... 
>>> 
>>> min(((p1, p2) for p1 in some_pt1 for p2 in some_pt2), key=dist_sq)
((3.24, 4.28), (6.91, 0.56))

Which has runtime O(n*m) (where n, m are the lengths of your lists). Since you need to look at all the pairs, it won't get better than this.

Note that comparing the squared distances is enough, no need to compute the root.