如何在r中将列表类变量更改为字符串

Question

I am very new to R and I am so interested in learning this wonderful program for data analysis.

I was working on a worksheet which was given by my teacher on tweets data. I found one task so difficult and I could get passed into the next question as I need the data ready by order. I would like to ask how to change a "list" class variable into "string" class. The following is the first 6 elements of the variable:

head(tweets.merged$hashtag_and_mentioned, 6)
[[1]]
character(0)

[[2]]
[1] "#Aufbruch."      " @MartinSchulz:" " #Deutschland"  

[[3]]
[1] "#zeitfuermartin" " @MartinSchulz."

[[4]]
[1] "#zeitfuermartin" " @MartinSchulz" 

[[5]]
character(0)

[[6]]
character(0)

I want to change them into some thing like:

[[1]]
 NA or 0

[[2]]
[1] "Aufbruch. @MartinSchulz: #Deutschland"  

Answer 1

Do:

l <- tweets.merged$hashtag_and_mentioned
unlist(lapply(l, function(x) if (length(x) == 0) {NA} else {paste(x, collapse = "")})) # or change NA to 0

But if you allow character(0) to become "", it is even easier:

unlist(lapply(l, function(el) paste(el, collapse = ""))

Or even shorter:

unlist(lapply(l, paste, collapse = ""))