无法在 Python/TkInter 中创建多个页面

Question

I'm trying to create multiple pages in my Python program but don't know how. Here I have the first page of the program. I'm trying to make the buttons of this program link to another page.
The goal is to create a base program using TkInter and Canvas, that integrates other sub-programs into the base program. Most of the answers have things such as self , or _init_ , but that was not the way how I learned it.

from tkinter import *


tkw = Tk()
cvs = Canvas(width="800", height="600", background="#7ce577")


"""
FIRST ROW BUTTONS
"""
cvs.create_oval(50, 65, 250, 265, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
cvs.create_text(148, 161, text="L", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
btnScott = Button(tkw, text="Lee", font="Arial 16", command="scott", bg="#a0ccda")
btnScott.place(x=100, y=275, width="100", height="50")

cvs.create_oval(295, 65, 495, 265, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
cvs.create_text(395, 161, text="W", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
btnMan = Button(tkw, text="Wei Hong", font="Arial 16", command="man", bg="#a0ccda")
btnMan.place(x=345, y=275, width="100", height="50")

cvs.create_oval(540, 65, 740, 265, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
cvs.create_text(640, 161, text="R", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
btnRof = Button(tkw, text="Rofieq", font="Arial 16", command="rof", bg="#a0ccda")
btnRof.place(x=590, y=275, width="100", height="50")


"""
SECOND ROW BUTTONS
"""
cvs.create_oval(170, 340, 370, 540, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
cvs.create_text(270, 435, text="E", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
btnYang = Button(tkw, text="En Yang", font="Arial 16", command="yang", bg="#a0ccda")
btnYang.place(x=220, y=550, width="100", height="50")

cvs.create_oval(420, 340, 620, 540, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
cvs.create_text(520, 435, text="S", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
btnYun = Button(tkw, text="Sze Yun", font="Arial 16", command="yun", bg="#a0ccda")
btnYun.place(x=470, y=550, width="100", height="50")


cvs.pack()
cvs.mainloop()

Answer 1

Basic example showing the use of two pages:

When the app is created, it in turn creates two pages and switches to PageOne using self.show_frame(PageOne) . When created, each page is passed a reference to the main app, which is maintained via self.controller . self.controller can be used by any child frame to access methods and data bellowing to the main app. Data or functionality needed by one or more pages would normally be contained within the main app, meaning all pages have access. In the example both pages use the main app method show_frame .

from tkinter import *
import tkinter.ttk as ttk 


class MyApp(Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        Tk.__init__(self)
        container = ttk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
        self.frames = {}
        for F in (PageOne, PageTwo):
            frame = F(container, self)
            self.frames[F] = frame
            frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='NSEW')
        self.show_frame(PageOne)

    def show_frame(self, cont):
        frame = self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()


class PageOne(ttk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        self.controller = controller
        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.make_widget()

    def make_widget(self):
        self.cvs = Canvas(self, width="800", height="600", background="#7ce577")
        """
        FIRST ROW BUTTONS
        """
        self.cvs.create_oval(50, 65, 250, 265, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
        self.cvs.create_text(148, 161, text="L", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
        btnScott = Button(self.cvs, text="Lee", font="Arial 16", command="scott", bg="#a0ccda")
        btnScott.place(x=100, y=275, width="100", height="50")

        self.cvs.create_oval(295, 65, 495, 265, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
        self.cvs.create_text(395, 161, text="W", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
        btnMan = Button(self.cvs, text="Wei Hong", font="Arial 16", command="man", bg="#a0ccda")
        btnMan.place(x=345, y=275, width="100", height="50")

        self.cvs.create_oval(540, 65, 740, 265, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
        self.cvs.create_text(640, 161, text="R", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
        btnRof = Button(self.cvs, text="Rofieq", font="Arial 16", command="rof", bg="#a0ccda")
        btnRof.place(x=590, y=275, width="100", height="50")


        """
        SECOND ROW BUTTONS
        """
        self.cvs.create_oval(170, 340, 370, 540, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
        self.cvs.create_text(270, 435, text="E", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
        btnYang = Button(self.cvs, text="En Yang", font="Arial 16", command="yang", bg="#a0ccda")
        btnYang.place(x=220, y=550, width="100", height="50")

        self.cvs.create_oval(420, 340, 620, 540, fill="#a0ccda", outline="#a0ccdb")
        self.cvs.create_text(520, 435, text="S", font="Arial 60 bold", state="normal")
        btnYun = Button(self.cvs, text="Sze Yun", font="Arial 16", command="yun", bg="#a0ccda")
        btnYun.place(x=470, y=550, width="100", height="50")

        # demo button to change page
        btnChange = Button(self.cvs, text="Change", font="Arial 16",
                           command=lambda: self.controller.show_frame(PageTwo),
                           bg="#a0ccda")
        btnChange .place(x=600, y=550, width="100", height="50")

        self.cvs.pack()

        def change_page(self):
            pass


class PageTwo(ttk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
        self.controller = controller  
        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.make_widget()

    def make_widget(self):
        ttk.Label(self, text='This is page two').grid(padx=(20,20), pady=(20,20))
        button1 = ttk.Button(self, text='Previous Page',
                             command=lambda: self.controller.show_frame(PageOne))
        button1.grid()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = MyApp()
    app.title('Multi-Page Test App')
    app.mainloop()