Vulkan API样本构建失败

Question

I'm following this instruction: https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/graphics/getting-started And keep gettig the following error when compilling any module:

Build command failed.
Error while executing process /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/cmake/3.6.4111459/bin/cmake with arguments {--build /home/sophour/Code/Android/VulkanAPIsamples/API-Samples/android/texel_buffer/.externalNativeBuild/cmake/debug/x86 --target vulkan_sample}
[1/5] Building CXX object utils/CMakeFiles/vsamputils.dir/util.cpp.o
FAILED: /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/clang++  --target=i686-none-linux-android --gcc-toolchain=/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/toolchains/x86-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64 --sysroot=/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sysroot   -I/home/sophour/Code/Android/API-Samples/data -I/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/third_party/shaderc/third_party/glslang -I/home/sophour/Code/Android/VulkanAPIsamples/API-Samples/utils -I/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/android/native_app_glue -I/home/sophour/Code/Android/VulkanAPIsamples/API-Samples/utils/../android/vulkan_wrapper -I/home/sophour/Code/Android/VulkanAPIsamples/API-Samples/utils/../data -I/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/third_party/shaderc/include -isystem /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/include -isystem /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/libs/x86/include -isystem /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/include/backward -isystem /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sysroot/usr/include/i686-linux-android -D__ANDROID_API__=24 -g -DANDROID -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -mstackrealign -Wa,--noexecstack -Wformat -Werror=format-security   -std=c++11  -Werror -DVK_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID_KHR -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info  -fPIC -MD -MT utils/CMakeFiles/vsamputils.dir/util.cpp.o -MF utils/CMakeFiles/vsamputils.dir/util.cpp.o.d -o utils/CMakeFiles/vsamputils.dir/util.cpp.o -c /home/sophour/Code/Android/VulkanAPIsamples/API-Samples/utils/util.cpp
In file included from /home/sophour/Code/Android/VulkanAPIsamples/API-Samples/utils/util.cpp:40:
In file included from /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/third_party/shaderc/include/shaderc/shaderc.hpp:18:
In file included from /home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/include/memory:81:
/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/include/bits/unique_ptr.h:76:2: error: delete called on 'shaderc::CompileOptions::IncluderInterface' that is abstract but has non-virtual destructor [-Werror,-Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor]
        delete __ptr;
        ^
/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/include/bits/unique_ptr.h:236:4: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::default_delete<shaderc::CompileOptions::IncluderInterface>::operator()' requested here
          get_deleter()(__ptr);
          ^
/home/sophour/Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/third_party/shaderc/include/shaderc/shaderc.hpp:133:3: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::unique_ptr<shaderc::CompileOptions::IncluderInterface, std::default_delete<shaderc::CompileOptions::IncluderInterface> >::~unique_ptr' requested here
  CompileOptions() { options_ = shaderc_compile_options_initialize(); }
  ^
1 error generated.
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

I'm absolutely new to this and have no experience in native android development. Help me solve this, please-please! A need it badly for my thesis!

Ubuntu 14.04; Android Studio 3.1.2; NDK: r17; Compile SDK: API 24: Android 7.0 (Nougat); Gradle 3.3

Answer 1

It looks like the problem is in the android NDK headers. Specifically in:

Android/Sdk/ndk-bundle/sources/third_party/shaderc/include/shaderc/shaderc.hpp

They declare shaderc::CompileOptions::IncluderInterface as a virtual class, but have no virtual destructor:

  class IncluderInterface {
      public:
      // Handles shaderc_include_resolver_fn callbacks.
      virtual shaderc_include_result* GetInclude(const char* requested_source,
                                           shaderc_include_type type,
                                           const char* requesting_source,
                                           size_t include_depth) = 0;

      // Handles shaderc_include_result_release_fn callbacks.
      virtual void ReleaseInclude(shaderc_include_result* data) = 0;
  };

I would not normally recommend this, but it seems you have no other choice. You could remove the -Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor or -Werror from the make files so that it will not error out for that mistake? Probably not a solution for the long term... The better solution would be to find out who makes the third party header: shaderc.hpp and ask them nicely to fix it...

Other options would be to use OpenGL in the Java SDK, or to write the Vulkan part from scrap and not use the sample code. I recently wrote an android app which uses Vulkan, and have not encountered this error.