[英]lower_bound() algorithm/STL usage preconditions
The code below returns erroneous results if compiled for 32bit Linux systems, and the same problem applies to 64bit systems, given large enough vectors. 如果为32位Linux系统编译,下面的代码会返回错误的结果,并且在给定足够大的向量的情况下,同样的问题也适用于64位系统。
Have the preconditions of lower_bound or STL in general been violated, and if so, where? 通常是否违反了lower_bound或STL的前提条件,如果是,那么在哪里?
I have been informed by STL sources that the size of the vector is cast to a signed type, which explains the behaviour. STL消息来源告诉我,向量的大小被转换为有符号类型,这解释了行为。
// compile with and without -m32 switch
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdexcept>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main() {
try {
vector<uint8_t> v((1ULL << 28) * 9, 2); // 2.25 G entries
v.back() = 3; // the last of which is greater
cout<< "Vector maximal size: "<<v.max_size()<< " and actual size: " << v.size() <<endl;
uint8_t val=3;
auto x= lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), val );
if (x!=v.end() && !( val< *x ) ) {
cout << "Found value " << int(*x) << endl;
} else {
cout << "Not Found " << endl;
}
} catch (exception const & ex){
cerr<< ex.what()<<endl;
}
}
Output: (Linux OS & Clang++ 7.0.0) 输出:( Linux OS和Clang ++ 7.0.0)
Vector maximal size: 4294967295 and actual size: 2415919104 Found value 2
Output: (Windows 10 OS & 32bit-msvc) 输出:(Windows 10 OS和32bit-msvc)
vector<T> too long
Update: While a fix for std::vector is under way, the problem persists for arrays allocated by 更新:虽然正在修复std :: vector,但是分配的数组仍然存在问题
auto p= new uint8_t[sz]; // 2.25 G entries
and the result depends on compiler & stdlib. 结果取决于编译器和stdlib。
In libstdc++ the function lower_bound(...)
uses distance(...)
, it starts with: 在libstdc ++中,函数lower_bound(...)
使用distance(...)
,它以:
typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::difference_type _DistanceType;
_DistanceType __len = std::distance(__first, __last);
...
According to the Standard (23.2, [container.requirements]): 根据标准(23.2,[container.requirements]):
Expression:
a.max_size()
; 表达式:a.max_size()
; return type:size_type
; 返回类型:size_type
; operational semantics:distance(begin(), end())
for the largest possible container 操作语义:最大可能容器的distance(begin(), end())
distance(...)
returns difference_type
(24.4.4, [iterator.operations]] distance(...)
返回difference_type
(24.4.4,[iterator.operations]]
template<class InputIterator> typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type distance(InputIterator first, InputIterator last);
Hence, max_size()
should return a value than can be represented using a signed type ( int32_t
in the present case). 因此, max_size()
应返回一个值,该值可以使用有符号类型(在本例中为int32_t
)表示。 However, max_size()
returns 4'294'967'295
. 但是, max_size()
返回4'294'967'295
。 I guess this is a bug in libstdc++. 我想这是libstdc ++中的一个错误。
By the way, in Microsoft STL implementation max_size()
returns 2'147'483'647
. 顺便说一句,在Microsoft STL实现中, max_size()
返回2'147'483'647
。
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