设置.libPaths（）以使用Rscript.exe从命令行运行R脚本

Question

I am trying to run R scripts via BAT files on Windows Command Prompt.

The scripts require a few R packages such as data.table , tidyR , etc.

For operational reasons, all required R packages and dependencies (including data.table ) are installed at C:\\Users\\username\\Documents\\R\\R-3.5.1\\library . I am not allowed to install RStudio in this environment.

When I try "C:\\Program Files\\R\\R-3.5.1\\bin\\x64\\Rscript.exe" script.R , I get an error similar to

Error in library(data.table) : there is no package called 'data.table' Execution halted

How can I set the .libPaths via Command Prompt to point to the correct location of the packages (ie to C:\\Users\\username\\Documents\\R\\R-3.5.1\\library )?

Thank you in advance.

Answer 1

Disclaimer: I'm unfamiliar with R .

From R: Search paths :

The library search path is initialized at startup from the environment variable R_LIBS (which should be a colon-separated list of directories at which R library trees are rooted) followed by those in environment variable R_LIBS_USER. Only directories which exist at the time will be included.

By default R_LIBS is unset, and R_LIBS_USER is set to directory 'R/R.version$platform-library/x.y' of the home directory (or 'Library/R/xy/library' for CRAN macOS builds), for R xyz

An environment variable can be created with set VARIABLE_NAME=YOUR_VALUE batch command.

So your batch file should probably be something like this:

cd /d "C:\INSERT_PATH_TO_DIRECTORY_CONTAINING_script.R"
set "R_LIBS=C:\Users\username\Documents\R\R-3.5.1\library"
"C:\Program Files\R\R-3.5.1\bin\x64\Rscript.exe" script.R

However for portability reasons (let's say a collegue asks for a copy of your script or your computer dies) I suggest putting the script, R library and batch file in a single directory, let's say C:\\Users\\username\\Documents\\R . The batch file C:\\Users\\username\\Documents\\R\\script.bat becomes:

cd /d "%~dp0"
set "R_LIBS=%~dp0R-3.5.1\library"
"%PROGRAMFILES%\R\R-3.5.1\bin\x64\Rscript.exe" "%~dpn0.R"

%PROGRAMFILES% environment variable expands to full path of program files folder, %~dp0 parameter expands to full path of a directory that holds your batch file, and %~dpn0 is a batch-file full path without extension.

Notice that %~dp0R-3.5.1 is not a typo because %~dp0 includes trailing backslash.

This way you can copy C:\\Users\\username\\Documents\\R to D:\\Users\\SOMEOTHERNAME\\Documents\\R and the script will still run.

If you create another version of your script, just copy the batch file so that it has same filename as your script but .bat extension instead of .R and it should call the new script - this has proven to be very handy when debugging and distributing scripts.

Alternatively, if you would rather install libraries separately you may want to use %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH% which expands to C:\\Users\\username .

Extracting proper Documents folder path, as well as R installation path is possible but requires reading the registry and thus is a bit more complicated.