为什么Python中的空字符串有时会占用49个字节，有时会占用51个字节？

Question

I tested sys.getsize('') and sys.getsize(' ') in three environments, and in two of them sys.getsize('') gives me 51 bytes (one byte more than the second) instead of 49 bytes:

Screenshots:

Win8 + Spyder + CPython 3.6:

Win8 + Spyder + IPython 3.6:

Win10 (VPN remote) + PyCharm + CPython 3.7:

First edit

I did a second test in Python.exe instead of Spyder and PyCharm (These two are still showing 51), and everything seems to be good. Apparently I don't have the expertise to solve this problem so I'll leave it to you guys :)

Win10 + Python 3.7 console versus PyCharm using same interpreter:

Win8 + IPython 3.6 + Spyder using same interpreter:

Answer 1

This sounds like something is retrieving the wchar representation of the string object. As of CPython 3.7, the way the CPython Unicode representation works out, an empty string is normally stored in "compact ASCII" representation, and the base data and padding for a compact ASCII string on a 64-bit build works out to 48 bytes, plus one byte of string data (just the null terminator). You can see the relevant header file here .

For now (this is scheduled for removal in 4.0), there is also an option to retrieve a wchar_t representation of a string. On a platform with 2-byte wchar_t, the wchar representation of an empty string is 2 bytes (just the null terminator again). The wchar representation is cached on the string on first access, and str.__sizeof__ accounts for this extra data when it exists, resulting in a 51-byte total.

Answer 2

https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/sys.html#sys.getsizeof

sys is system specific so it can easily differ. This is often overlooked by everyone. All system specific stuff in python has been dumped in the sys package for years. For eg sys.getwindowsversion() is not portable by definition but it's there. It like the bottomless pit of rejects in the perfect world of cross platform coding. What you see is one of the interesting nuggets of Python.

from getsizeof docs:

Only the memory consumption directly attributed to the object is accounted for, not the memory consumption of objects it refers to. getsizeof() calls the object's __sizeof__ method and adds an additional garbage collector overhead if the object is managed by the garbage collector.

When Garbage collection is in use the OS will add those extra bits. If you read Python and GC Q & A When are objects garbage collected in python? the folks have gone into excruciating detail expounding the GC and how it will affect the memory/refcount and bits blah blah.

I hope that explains where this coming from. If you don't use system level attributes but more pythonic attributes then you will get consistent sizes.