如何在一行中找到ip并将其替换为bash脚本？

Question

I have a file like this

www       IN       A       192.168.10.1
webmail   IN       A       192.168.10.2
mail      IN       A       192.168.10.3

I want to write a bash script that get 3 input like this

./script.sh network.com www 192.168.10.10

and script is

project=$1
server=$2
ip=$3
h=$(awk -F "$server       IN       A" '{print $2}' /home/forward.$project)
sed -i "s/$h/$ip/"

I want to find line that start with second input and replace (ip) with third input but my script doesn't work.

Answer 1

You can select the line in sed and do regexp replace.

project=$1
server=${2//./\\.}  # escape '.' to avoid problems with sed if $server contains some
ip=$3
sed  -E "/^$server /s/[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+/$ip/" "$1"

Answer 2

Using awk:

$ echo network.com www 192.168.10.10 | 
awk '
NR==FNR {
    a=$2   # store hostname
    b=$3   # and ip
    next   # .
}
$1==a {    # if hostname matches
    sub(/[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/,b)  # replace ip looking string
}1' - a_file                                                 # output

Output:

www       IN       A       192.168.10.10
webmail   IN       A       192.168.10.2
mail      IN       A       192.168.10.3

Edit :

A version which adds non-matching record to the end:

$ echo network.com www2 192.168.10.10 |
awk '
NR==FNR {
    a=$2           # store hostname
    b=$3           # and ip
    next           # not needed for this input but good practise
} 
FNR==1 { t=$0 }    # store a template record for later use
$1==a {            # if hostname matches
    sub(/[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/,b)  # replace ip looking string
    f=1            # flag up when there was replace
}
1;                 # output
END {              # in the end 
    if(!f) {       # if there was no replace
        sub(/^[^ \t]+/,a,t)  # replace the template
        sub(/[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/,b,t)
    print t        # and output it
    }
}' - a_file

Output:

www       IN       A       192.168.10.1
webmail   IN       A       192.168.10.2
mail      IN       A       192.168.10.3
www2       IN       A       192.168.10.10

Answer 3

$ cat script.sh
#!/bin/env bash
project=$1
server=$2
ip=$3
file="file"     # change to "/home/forward.$project"

awk -v server="$server" -v ip="$ip" '
    $1 == server {
        sub(/[^[:space:]]+[[:space:]]*$/,"")
        $0 = $0 ip
        found = 1
    }
    { print; lastLine=$0 }
    END {
        if ( !found ) {
            match(lastLine,/^[^[:space:]]+[[:space:]]+/)
            gsub(/^[^[:space:]]+[[:space:]]+|[^[:space:]]+[[:space:]]*$/,"",lastLine)
            printf "%-*s %s%s\n", RLENGTH-1, server, lastLine, ip
        }
    }
' "$file"

.

$ ./script.sh network.com www 192.168.10.10
www       IN       A       192.168.10.10
webmail   IN       A       192.168.10.2
mail      IN       A       192.168.10.3

$ ./script.sh network.com fluffy 192.168.10.10
www       IN       A       192.168.10.1
webmail   IN       A       192.168.10.2
mail      IN       A       192.168.10.3
fluffy    IN       A       192.168.10.10

$ ./script.sh network.com super_long_server 192.168.10.10
www       IN       A       192.168.10.1
webmail   IN       A       192.168.10.2
mail      IN       A       192.168.10.3
super_long_server IN       A       192.168.10.10

The above will work portably and robustly (ie no chance of false matches or other failures due to partial matching or regexp characters or delimiters like / appearing in the input or arguments) using any awk in any shell on any UNIX box

To write back to the original file you could add -i inplace at the front of the awk script if you're using GNU awk, or add > tmp && mv tmp "$file" after the end of it otherwise.