类型转换/类型绑定/类型推断等的编译时或运行时

Question

I am relatively new to Java and I had an exam past year that got me stuck.

The task asked me to differentiate which options run at Compilation time / Runtime.

1. Type casting.
2. Late binding.
3. Accessibility checking.
4. Type inference.
5. Type erasure.
6. Type checking.

Are there any sources I can read to improve my understanding on static / dynamic binding?

Answer 1

• Type casting - Compile time but could not be catched and throw ClassCastException ( Java Type Casting )
• Late binding - Runtime in general and Compile time for calls to final, private, or static methods ( Late Binding in Java )
• Accessibility checking - Access modifiers are solely a compile time mechanism in C++. In Java however, they are enforced at runtime too, because Java also has a runtime typesystem, and it can dynamically (at runtime) create classes. So it needs to enforce access at runtime too for types it doesn't know about at compile time. ( OOP Access Modifiers: Compile-time or Run-time )
• Type inference - Compile time - Type inference is a Java compiler's ability to look at each method invocation and corresponding declaration to determine the type argument (or arguments) that make the invocation applicable ( Type Inference )
• Type erasure - Compile time - Type erasure can be explained as the process of enforcing type constraints only at compile time and discarding the element type information at runtime ( Type Erasure in Java )
• Type checking - Compile time but facilitating runtime type checking eg via instanceof ( What are the things are checked at compile time by Java? )