如何将pickle.loads从Python 2转换为Python 3？

Question

I am trying to convert a Python 2 code into Python 3. I used the pickle.loads function in Python 2.7, which according to its documentation does the following ( https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/pickle.html ):

pickle.loads(string)
Read a pickled object hierarchy from a string. Characters in the 
string past the pickled object’s representation are ignored.

However its behavior changes in Python 3 ( https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html ):

pickle.loads(bytes_object, *, fix_imports=True, encoding="ASCII", errors="strict")
Read a pickled object hierarchy from a bytes object and return the 
reconstituted object hierarchy specified therein.

In the database, I have a string x which was the output of pickle.dumps(obj) performed in Python 2. I want to retrieve obj in Python 3. When I do pickle.loads(x) , I receive the following error:

a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Changing pickle.loads(x) into pickle.loads(bytes(x, 'utf-8')) instead gives the following error:

invalid load key, '\x5c'.

How can I obtain obj from x in Python 3?

Answer 1

Change pickle.loads(x) to pickle.loads(bytes(x, 'latin-1')) .

Change pickle.dumps(o) to str(pickle.dumps(o, protocol=0), 'latin-1') .