扩展对象并覆盖过程而不在Fortran中延迟

Question

I have a code with lots of different features and methods. Some methods are all for the same feature, ie only one among a selection can be selected.

Furthermore, depending on a feature I might need to do modify subroutines elsewhere. So in a loop in routine inject I might have a small if statement asking if I have used feature A , then do a few extra operations. This is very frustating since different features seems to be connected with others routines very arbirarirly, and can be difficult to maintain.

I have decided to do following to avoid this:

I define an object t_inject with the purpose to execture routine inject . I rewrite my routine inject such that it contains only the code that is common for all different scenarios.

 type t_inject 


 contains 

 procedure,nopass :: inject => inject_default
 end type 

Now I have another object to handle my feature A in case it is selected.

 type,extends(t_inject) :: t_inject_a


 contains 

 procedure, nopass :: inject => inject_a
 end type 

My subroutines inject_a and inject have same interface. Eg

 subroutine inject_a( part ) 
  type(t_part) , intent(inout) :: part % an external data type 
 call inject(part) 
 ! do the extra bit of stuff you need to do

 end subroutine 

 subroutine inject( part) 
   type(t_part) , intent(inout) :: part % an external data type 

  ! carry out the default stuff 
 end subroutine 

Now in my main program

class(t_inject) :: inj 

allocate(inj :: t_inject_a) 

call inj% inject ( part) 

Is that the way you would do it and is it valid?
I initially thought of doing an abstract declared type with a deferred inject procedure where I then could extent. But for a very trivial problem I might not need that - I am also wondering whether my call call inj% inject(part) is sufficient for the compiler to know to where to go. Sometimes I see codes which need the class is condition before making the call.

Answer 1

I think three points should be modified:

• The type-bound procedures need to refer to actual procedure names (via => ). So, I have changed the name of a module procedure inject() to inject_default() . (But please see test2.f90 also).
• We need to attach allocatable to a class variable (eg, inj2 ) to allocate it with a concrete type (eg, t_inject_a ).
• In the allocate statement, the name of a concrete type should appear before :: , such that allocate( t_inject_a :: inj2 ) .

The modified code may look like this:

!! test.f90
module test_mod
    implicit none

    type t_inject 
    contains 
        procedure, nopass :: inject => inject_default
    endtype

    type, extends(t_inject) :: t_inject_a
    contains 
        procedure, nopass :: inject => inject_a
    endtype

    type t_part    !! some other type
        integer :: x = 100, y = 200
    endtype

contains
    subroutine inject_default( part )
        type(t_part), intent(inout) :: part

        print *, "x = ", part % x
    endsubroutine

    subroutine inject_a( part ) 
        type(t_part), intent(inout) :: part

        call inject_default( part )
        print *, "y = ", part % y
    endsubroutine 
end

program main
    use test_mod
    implicit none
    class( t_inject ), allocatable :: inj1, inj2
    type( t_part ) :: part

    !! Polymorphic allocation with concrete types.
    allocate( t_inject   :: inj1 )
    allocate( t_inject_a :: inj2 )

    print *, "inj1:"
    call inj1 % inject( part )

    print *, "inj2:"
    call inj2 % inject( part )
end

"gfortran-8 test.90 && ./a.out" gives

 inj1:
 x =          100
 inj2:
 x =          100
 y =          200

---

We can also use a module procedure inject() (rather than inject_default() ) by using procedure, nopass :: inject , for example:

!! test2.f90
module test_mod
    implicit none

    type t_inject 
    contains 
        procedure, nopass :: inject
        ! procedure, nopass :: inject => inject  !! this also works
    endtype

    type, extends(t_inject) :: t_inject_a
    contains 
        procedure, nopass :: inject => inject_a
    endtype

    type t_part    !! some other type
        integer :: x = 100, y = 200
    endtype

contains
    subroutine inject( part )
        type(t_part), intent(inout) :: part

        print *, "x = ", part % x
    endsubroutine

    subroutine inject_a( part ) 
        type(t_part), intent(inout) :: part

        call inject( part )
        print *, "y = ", part % y
    endsubroutine 
end

!! The remaining part (and the result) is the same...

---

In addition, one can also separate actual procedures like inject() in a different file and use them to define new types like t_inject (see mylib.f90 and test3.f90 below). This might be useful to reuse routines in some library file.

!! mylib.f90
module mylib
    implicit none

    type t_part    !! some other type
        integer :: x = 100, y = 200
    endtype

contains

    subroutine inject( part )
        type(t_part), intent(inout) :: part

        print *, "x = ", part % x
    end
    subroutine inject_a( part ) 
        type(t_part), intent(inout) :: part

        call inject( part )
        print *, "y = ", part % y
    end
end

!! test3.f90
module test_mod
    use mylib
    implicit none

    type t_inject 
    contains 
        procedure, nopass :: inject
    endtype

    type, extends(t_inject) :: t_inject_a
    contains 
        procedure, nopass :: inject => inject_a
    endtype
end

!! The main program is the same as test.f90.
!! compile: gfortran-8 mylib.f90 test3.f90