Lambda函数-TypeError：不可哈希类型：'numpy.ndarray'

Question

I have a numpy 2-D array with categorical data at every column.

I try to separately encode the data at each column while possibly dealing with unseen data at each case.

I have this code:

from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder

for column in range(X_train.shape[1]):

    label_encoder = LabelEncoder()

    X_train[:, column] = label_encoder.fit_transform(X_train[:, column])

    mappings = dict(zip(label_encoder.classes_, label_encoder.transform(label_encoder.classes_)))

    map_function = lambda x: mappings.get(x, -1)

    X_test[:, column] = map_function(X_test[:, column])

and I get this error:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-***********> in <module>
     39         mappings = dict(zip(label_encoder.classes_, label_encoder.transform(label_encoder.classes_)))
     40         map_function = lambda x: mappings.get(x, -1)
---> 41         X_test[:, column] = map_function(X_test[:, column])
     42 
     43 

<ipython-input-***********> in <lambda>(x)
     38         X_train[:, column] = label_encoder.fit_transform(X_train[:, column])
     39         mappings = dict(zip(label_encoder.classes_, label_encoder.transform(label_encoder.classes_)))
---> 40         map_function = lambda x: mappings.get(x, -1)
     41         X_test[:, column] = map_function(X_test[:, column])
     42 

TypeError: unhashable type: 'numpy.ndarray'

How can I fix this?

In general, would you suggest a better way to do what I want to do?

PS

I tried to do this to see what is happening:

for column in range(X_train.shape[1]):
    label_encoder = LabelEncoder()
    X_train[:, column] = label_encoder.fit_transform(X_train[:, column])
    mappings = dict(zip(label_encoder.classes_, label_encoder.transform(label_encoder.classes_)))

    try:
        map_function = lambda x: mappings.get(x, -1)
        X_test[:, column] = map_function(X_test[:, column])
    except:
        print(X_test[:, column])
        for i in range(X_test[:, column].shape[0]):
            if isinstance(X_test[i, column],np.ndarray):
                print(X_test[i, column])
        print()

but actually nothing was printed by print(X_test[i, column]) so I am not sure if there is any numpy array within X_test[:, column] .

I have actually also checked that if not isinstance(X_test[i, column],str) and again nothing was printed so everything in X_train[:, column] at each column must be a string.

PS2

When I do this:

 for i in range(X_test[:, column].shape[0]):
     X_test[i, column] = mappings.get(X_test[i, column], -1)

it actually works with no error so it means that for some reason in the way I have defined the lambda function I sent the whole numpy array to it than its element separately.

Answer 1

What happens here is that what is sent to the map_function is the actual vector, which cannot be used as a key in a dictionary because it is not hashable, hence the error.

switch the row

map_function = lambda x: mappings.get(x, -1)

with

map_function = np.vectorize(lambda x: mappings.get(x, -1))

This will cause each element to be used as the key in the mapping, and if all of them are indeed hashable it would work.