在 Haskell 的 -XDataKinds 中使用列表类型

Question

I was using a return type in a function (using package haskell-src-exts ):

import Language.Haskell.Exts.Syntax (Exp(..))
import Language.Haskell.Exts.SrcLoc (SrcSpanInfo(..))
:k Exp SrcSpanInfo
Exp SrcSpanInfo :: *

That's a type. So far so good.

But now I wanted to type it better:

:set -XDataKinds
> :k 'List
'List :: l -> [Exp l] -> Exp l

So, this thing wants some more stuff. Fine, I can do that.

> :k 'List SrcSpanInfo 
'List SrcSpanInfo :: [Exp *] -> Exp *

One step off. Okay.

> :k 'List SrcSpanInfo [Exp SrcSpanInfo]

<interactive>:1:19: error:
    • Expected kind ‘[Exp *]’, but ‘[Exp SrcSpanInfo]’ has kind ‘*’
    • In the second argument of ‘ 'List’, namely ‘[Exp SrcSpanInfo]’
      In the type ‘ 'List SrcSpanInfo [Exp SrcSpanInfo]’

At this point, I'm feeling quite confused. To me it feels like what I gave it was definitely pretty much what it asked for. What exactly does it mean?

Answer 1

From the comments, it suddenly occurred to me that you're probably not actually looking for the lifted types (ie kinds), but rather for regular types.

From the comments (specifically: "... desired kind * ...") it seems like you're just looking to construct a value of type Exp SrcSpanInfo (and indeed, these types are not actually intended for kind-level usage).

To do that, just apply parameters to the constructor:

> span = noInfoSpan $ mkSrcSpan noLoc noLoc
> :t span
span :: SrcSpanInfo
> list = List span []
> :t list
list :: Exp SrcSpanInfo

---

Original answer

The expression [Exp SrcSpanInfo] does not denote " a type-level list of types with a single element Exp SrcSpanInfo ", but rather denotes " a single type that is a list of elements of type Exp SrcSpanInfo ", similar to [Int] or [String] .

The compiler has no way of distinguishing the former from the latter, so it defaults to the older, more standard interpretation.

In order to make it see a type-level list, it must be quoted with a single quote, just like you did with 'List .

Further, Exp is a type, but when used in a kind signature, it's elevated to a kind. In order to construct a type of kind Exp * , you have to use one of its constructors . I will use the List constructor, because it was the easiest to instantiate:

> :k 'List SrcSpanInfo '[ 'List SrcSpanInfo '[] ]

Answer 2

[a] is the type of lists. To construct a (promoted) list, write '[a] :

:k 'List SrcSpanInfo '[ 'List Int '[] ]

Applying 'List to a type, such as SrcSpanInfo , is probably not what you want either (hopefully my example applying it also to an Int tells that something is off).