Django：迁移时遇到 OperationalError

Question

I encountered this error when deployed my code on a ubuntu server. I have tested the migration locally (macOS Mojave) and made no mistakes.

I tried to delete all migration files except the __intit__.py , but Django gave the same error.

The error traceback (home is the name of my app):

Applying home.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 381, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such column: REFERRING.S

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 234, in handle
    fake_initial=fake_initial,
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 117, in migrate
    state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
    state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 247, in apply_migration
    migration_recorded = True
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/schema.py", line 34, in __exit__
    self.connection.check_constraints()
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 341, in check_constraints
    column_name, referenced_column_name,
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "/home/admin/sites/site1/venv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 381, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such column: REFERRING.S

I don't have a column named REFERRING.S in my model explicitly, so I don't know what's happening here at all.

Edit:

Finally, I managed to make a minimal case to reproduce this error. It seems that this error is due to somehow like a database injection...

Here is the minimal case to reproduce this error.

from django.db import models


class Customer(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)


class Order(models.Model):
    orderNum = models.CharField(max_length=14, unique=True) 
    customer_idx = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1)  

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'xxx(S)'

I have a model Customer and a model Order with the db_table named 'xxx(S)'. Maybe the "(S)" triggers some weird behavior. I'm a newbie to SQL and django. Could someone help me to explain this?

I'm using django 3.0.3 (and 2.2.5 also failed) and ubuntu 16.04. And this piece of code seems to work fine on MacOS.

Edit 2:

The migration script: 0001_initial.py

# Generated by Django 3.0.3 on 2020-02-21 16:49

from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    initial = True

    dependencies = [
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Customer',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Order',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('orderNum', models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)),
                ('customer_idx', models.ForeignKey(default=1, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='home.Customer')),
            ],
            options={
                'db_table': 'xxx(S)',
            },
        ),
    ]

Answer 1

You're referring the model Order to datable xxx(S) . Since the model Order is in relationship with Customer model, Customer model also should be there in same database xxx(S) .

Create meta class to Customer and refer to same database.

class Meta:
    db_table = 'xxx(S)'

Answer 2

I finally figured it out. The bracket in sql means column selection, so the table name "xxx(S)" were interpreted as select the column "S" of table "xxx". So just change the table name fixed the issue.