通过简单示例了解 AsyncIO 和线程顺序

Question

I have this code:

import asyncio

async def part1():
    print('1')
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    print('5')


async def part2():
    print('2')
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    print('6')


async def main():
    p1 = await part1()
    p2 = await part2()
    print('3')
    print('4')

asyncio.run(main())

When I run it, I would expect to print

1
2
3
4
5
6

The way I understand it the thread should go like this:

1. Starts main() function
2. Starts part1() function
3. Prints 1
4. While it's waiting 2 seconds, it should continue on the line p2 = await part2()
5. Starts part2() function
6. Prints 2
7. While it's waiting for 2 seconds, it should continue on the line of main() "print('3')", then "print('4')"
8. part1() function ends its sleep, so it prints 5
9. part2() function ends its sleep, so it prints 6

However, what it prints is:

1
5
2
6
3
4

And waits the full time for both async.sleep(2)

What am I missing here?

Thanks!

Answer 1

4. While it's waiting 2 seconds, it should continue

This is a misunderstanding. await means precisely the opposite, that it should not continue (running that particular coroutine) until the result is done. That's the "wait" in "await".

If you want to continue, you can use:

    # spawn part1 and part2 as background tasks
    t1 = asyncio.create_task(part1())
    t2 = asyncio.create_task(part2())
    # and now await them while they run in parallel
    p1 = await t1
    p2 = await t2

A simpler way to achieve the same effect is via the gather utility function:

    p1, p2 = asyncio.gather(part1(), part2())

Note that the code modified like this still won't output 1 2 3 4 5 6 because the final prints will not be executed until the tasks finish. As a result, the actual output will be 1 2 5 6 3 4 .

Answer 2

In response to your comment:

... [T]he way I understand it is that when I call main() via asyncio.run() it creates a sort of 'wrapper' or object that keeps track of the thread and tries to keep the calculations running when an asynchronous function is idle

(Small disclaimer - pretty much all my experience with async stuff is in C#, but the await keywords in each seem to match pretty well in behavior)

Your understanding there is more or less correct - asyncio.run(main()) will start main() in a separate (background) "thread".

( Note: I'm ignoring the specifics of the GPL and python's single-threadedness here. For the sake of the explanation, a "separate thread" is sufficient. )

The misunderstanding comes in with how you think await works, how it actually works, and how you've arranged your code. I haven't really been able to find a sufficient description of how Python's await works, other than in the PEP that introduced it:

await, similarly to yield from, suspends execution of read_data coroutine until db.fetch awaitable completes and returns the result data.

On the other hand, C#'s await has a lot more documentation / explanation associated with it:

When the await keyword is applied, it suspends the calling method and yields control back to its caller until the awaited task is complete.

In your case, you've preceded the "middle output" (3 & 4) with 2 awaits, both of which will return control to the asycnio.run(...) until they have a result.

Here's the code I used that gives me the result you're looking for:

import asyncio

async def part1():
    print('1')
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    print('5')


async def part2():
    print('2')
    await asyncio.sleep(2)
    print('6')


async def part3():
    print('3')
    print('4')

async def main():
    t1 = asyncio.create_task(part1())
    t2 = asyncio.create_task(part2())
    t3 = asyncio.create_task(part3())
    await t1
    await t2
    await t3

asyncio.run(main())

You'll notice I turned your main into my part3 and created a new main . In the new main , I create a separate awaitable Task for each part (1, 2, & 3). Then, I await them in sequence.

When t1 runs, it hits an await after the first print. This pauses part1 at that point until the awaitable completes. Program control will return to the caller ( main ) until that point, similar to how yield works.

While t1 is "paused" (waiting), main will continue on and start up t2 . t2 does the same thing as t1 , so startup of t3 will follow shortly after. t3 does no await -ing, so its output occurs immediately.

At this point, main is just waiting for its child Task s to finish up. t1 was await -ed first, so it will return first, followed shortly by t2 . The end result is (where test.py is the script I put this in):

~/.../> py .\test.py
1
2
3
4
5
6