如何将 ethers.js 与元掩码连接起来？

Question

I am using the ethers.js documentation: https://docs.ethers.io/ethers.js/html/cookbook-providers.html . I am getting the error when setting up the provider -: Uncaught ReferenceError: web3 is not defined I want to connect my Decentralized Application with the metamask. For that I am trying to connect the metamask with ethers.js by setting the provider as per the documentation. I have used provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(web3.currentProvider). But it throws error for the web3 object in the code. This code is exactly as per the documentation. But still isn't working.

 //let provider = new ethers.getDefaultProvider('rinkeby'); let provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(web3.currentProvider); let contract; let wallet; let abi = [ { "anonymous": false, "inputs": [ { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "account", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": false, "internalType": "string", "name": "pwd", "type": "string" } ], "name": "Pwd_Assigned", "type": "event" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "_passwd", "type": "string" } ], "name": "setPwd", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "bool", "name": "success", "type": "bool" } ], "stateMutability": "nonpayable", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "_uname", "type": "string" } ], "name": "setUname", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "bool", "name": "success", "type": "bool" } ], "stateMutability": "nonpayable", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "_uType", "type": "string" } ], "name": "setUtype", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "bool", "name": "success", "type": "bool" } ], "stateMutability": "nonpayable", "type": "function" }, { "anonymous": false, "inputs": [ { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "account", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": false, "internalType": "string", "name": "utype", "type": "string" } ], "name": "Type_Assigned", "type": "event" }, { "anonymous": false, "inputs": [ { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "account", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": false, "internalType": "string", "name": "uname", "type": "string" } ], "name": "Username_Assigned", "type": "event" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "getContractName", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "_name", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "name", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" } ], "name": "pwd", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "symbol", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" } ], "name": "uname", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" } ], "name": "uType", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" } ]; let contractAddress = "0xECFFa8439Fa4DC64388227fA43a420449E895c3f"; // for rinkeby let AidTokenAbi = [ { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "_initialSupply", "type": "uint256" } ], "stateMutability": "nonpayable", "type": "constructor" }, { "anonymous": false, "inputs": [ { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "_owner", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "_spender", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": false, "internalType": "uint256", "name": "_value", "type": "uint256" } ], "name": "Approval", "type": "event" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "_spender", "type": "address" }, { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "_value", "type": "uint256" } ], "name": "approve", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "bool", "name": "success", "type": "bool" } ], "stateMutability": "payable", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "_to", "type": "address" }, { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "_value", "type": "uint256" } ], "name": "transfer", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "bool", "name": "success", "type": "bool" } ], "stateMutability": "payable", "type": "function" }, { "anonymous": false, "inputs": [ { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "_from", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": true, "internalType": "address", "name": "_to", "type": "address" }, { "indexed": false, "internalType": "uint256", "name": "_value", "type": "uint256" } ], "name": "Transfer", "type": "event" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "_from", "type": "address" }, { "internalType": "address", "name": "_to", "type": "address" }, { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "_value", "type": "uint256" } ], "name": "transferFrom", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "bool", "name": "success", "type": "bool" } ], "stateMutability": "payable", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" }, { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" } ], "name": "allowance", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [ { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" } ], "name": "balanceOf", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "name", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "standard", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "symbol", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "tokensSold", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" }, { "inputs": [], "name": "totalSupply", "outputs": [ { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" } ], "stateMutability": "view", "type": "function" } ]; let AidtokenAddress = "0x17b0e97DF8217a984294De6bDbbb9D7020190479"; let AidTokenContract; let signer = provider.getSigner(); let usr_account; function loadWallet(){ signer.getAddress().then(async(res)=>{ usr_account = res; await console.log(usr_account); }); } // async function setProvider(){ // provider = await new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider('http://127.0.0.1:8545'); // } function getContract(){ contract = new ethers.Contract(contractAddress,abi, signer); console.log(contract.functions); } function getTokenContract(){ AidTokenContract = new ethers.Contract(AidtokenAddress,AidTokenAbi, signer); } async function getName(){ // var name = await contract.functions.getContractName(); // console.log(name); await contract.name().then(async (res)=>{ await console.log(res); }); } async function setInfo(event){ event.preventDefault(); loadWallet(); getContract(); var uname = document.getElementById('uname').value; var pwd = document.getElementById('psw').value; var utype = document.getElementById('utype').value; await contract.functions.setUname(uname).then(async(res)=>{ console.log(res); }); await contract.functions.setUtype(utype).then(async(res)=>{ console.log(res); }); await contract.functions.setPwd(pwd).then(async(res)=>{ console.log(res); }); //getInfo(); } async function getInfo(event){ event.preventDefault(); var uname; var utype; var pwd; loadWallet(); getContract(); await contract.functions.uname(usr_account).then(async(res)=>{ uname=res; console.log(res); }); await contract.functions.uType(usr_account).then(async(res)=>{ utype = res; console.log(res); }); await contract.functions.pwd(usr_account).then(async(res)=>{ pwd=res console.log(res); }); } async function transfer(event){ event.preventDefault(); loadWallet(); getTokenContract(); await console.log("....."); var numberOfTokens = document.getElementById('numberOfTokens').value; await AidTokenContract.functions.transfer(numberOfTokens,{ from: usr_account, gasLimit: 500000 }); } //setProvider(); loadWallet(); getContract(); //getName(); // setInfo(); //getInfo();

 <html> <head> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/qrcode-generator/1.4.3/qrcode.min.js"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5.2/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- <script src="js/web3.min.js"></script> --> <script charset="utf-8" src="https://cdn.ethers.io/scripts/ethers-v4.min.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/require.js/2.3.6/require.js"></script> </head> <body> <form onsubmit="setInfo(event)"> <div> <h1>Register</h1> <p>Please fill in this form to create an account.</p> <hr> <br> <label for="uname"><b>User Name</b></label> <input type="text" placeholder="Enter Username" id="uname" required> <br> <label for="utype">Choose a User type:</label> <select id="utype" name="utype"> <option value="Donor">Donor</option> <option value="NGO">NGO</option> <option value="Government">Government</option> </select> <br> <label for="psw"><b>Password</b></label> <input type="password" placeholder="Enter Password" id="psw" required> <!-- <label for="psw-repeat"><b>Repeat Password</b></label> <input type="password" placeholder="Repeat Password" name="psw-repeat" required> <hr> --> <p>By creating an account you agree to our <a href="#">Terms & Privacy</a>.</p> <button type="submit" id="registerbtn">Register</button> </div> <div class="container signin"> <p>Already have an account? <a href="#">Sign in</a>.</p> </div> </form> <br><br> <form onsubmit="getInfo(event)"> <button type="submit" >Get Info</button> </form> <form onsubmit="transfer(event)"> <input id="numberOfTokens" type="number" name="number" value="1" min="1" pattern="[0-9]"> <button type="submit" >Donate</button> </form> <!-- <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/ethereum/web3.js/dist/web3.min.js"></script> --> <script src="js/app.js"></script> </body> </html>

Getting this error while setting the provider-Uncaught ReferenceError: web3js is not defined

Answer 1

Using ethers.js to interact with Metamask

const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum, "any");
// Prompt user for account connections
await provider.send("eth_requestAccounts", []);
const signer = provider.getSigner();
console.log("Account:", await signer.getAddress());

Answer 2

I too have found this confusing. According to the ethers.js documentation for Metamask the following is required:

const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(web3.currentProvider);
const signer = provider.getSigner();

But this causes an error: specifically the web3.currentProvider not being recognised.

The Ethers.js github issue log has a similar complaint at Issue #433 . Using this as a guide I've therefore used window.ethereum in place of web3.currentProvider and also included the .enable() beforehand:

await window.ethereum.enable()
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum);
const signer = provider.getSigner();

Or alternatively (outside of an async function):

let provider;
window.ethereum.enable().then(provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum));
const signer = provider.getSigner();

This clears the error, and ensures that Metamask asks for permission prior to connecting to the browser/DApp.

Answer 3

window.ethereum.enable() is deprecated.

You should use:

ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' })