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Windows 上的 IPython 无法导入 geopandas

[英]IPython on Windows fails to import geopandas

 原文  2020-11-01 18:55:58  5   1    python/ windows/ ipython/ conda/ geopandas

问题描述

I get an我得到一个

ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified procedure could not be found.导入错误：DLL 加载失败：找不到指定的过程。

error when trying to import geopandas in python 3.6.尝试在 python 3.6 中导入 geopandas 时出错。 Specifically, I get the error when using ipython but not when using python.具体来说，我在使用 ipython 时出现错误，但在使用 python 时却没有。 Also, this affects Windows (a Windows Server 2016 virtual machine) and not Linux.此外，这会影响 Windows（Windows Server 2016 虚拟机）而不是 Linux。 I've found a few previous posts on this, or very similar issues, but I'm rejecting their suitability as they either don't clearly resolve the problem or else conflate it with pip installs.我已经找到了一些以前的帖子，或者非常相似的问题，但我拒绝它们的适用性，因为它们要么没有明确解决问题，要么将其与 pip 安装混为一谈。

This pos t from nearly two years ago, for example, reports a similar error, but concludes with a “Never mind, I did a pip install of geopandas”. 这正从两年前T，例如，报告了类似的错误，但有总结说：“没关系，我做了一个点子安装geopandas的”。

This post from just over a couple of years ago has an accepted answer despite the original poster commenting that it didn't work for them!尽管最初的海报评论说它对他们不起作用，但几年前的这篇帖子得到了公认的答案！ There's a mention of a blog post from Geoff Boeing that I've seen before as providing a working method, despite that blog post providing more than one approach (a conda install and a more manual sequence of steps) and the comment not clarifying what worked for them.提到了 GeoffBoeing 的一篇博客文章，我之前看到它提供了一种工作方法，尽管该博客文章提供了不止一种方法（conda 安装和更手动的步骤序列）并且评论没有说明什么有效为他们。

There's this post from nearly two and a half years ago that conflates conda and pip install methods and doesn't have an accepted answer.近两年半前的这篇文章将 conda 和 pip 安装方法混为一谈，但没有公认的答案。 There's a suggestion in a comment that, for the commenter, it was an issue with gdal on conda-forge.评论中有一个建议，对于评论者来说，这是 conda-forge 上 gdal 的问题。 There's an answer that refers to Geoff Boeing's blogpost again.有一个答案再次引用了 GeoffBoeing 的博文。 The implication may be that the install of gdal via conda can be problematic and, if it is, then the manual sequence of steps is required.这意味着通过 conda 安装 gdal 可能会出现问题，如果是，则需要手动执行步骤序列。 I am not persuaded this is my issue.我不相信这是我的问题。

My problem occurs specifically on a Windows Server 2016 virtual machine and when specifying only the conda-forge channel.我的问题特别出现在 Windows Server 2016 虚拟机上，并且仅在指定 conda-forge 通道时出现。 Also, pertinently, it only occurs in ipython (and thus Jupyter notebooks) and not in python, thus:此外，相关地，它只出现在 ipython（以及 Jupyter notebooks）中，而不出现在 python 中，因此：

Create environment specifying the conda defaults channel, specifying python 3.6, ipython, and geopandas:创建指定 conda 默认通道的环境，指定 python 3.6、ipython 和 geopandas：

conda create -n test36_defaults -c defaults python=3.6 ipython geopandas

Activate that environment:激活该环境：

(test36_2) C:\Users\guy.maskall>conda activate test36_defaults

Fire up an ipython kernel and import geopandas:启动 ipython 内核并导入 geopandas：

(test36_defaults) C:\Users\guy.maskall>ipython
Python 3.6.12 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Sep  9 2020, 00:29:25) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.8.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import geopandas as gpd

In [2]:
Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?

It imported okay.进口没问题。

Similarly, fire up the straight python interpreter:同样，启动直接的 python 解释器：

(test36_defaults) C:\Users\guy.maskall>python
Python 3.6.12 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Sep  9 2020, 00:29:25) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import geopandas as gpd
>>>

That imported okay as well.那进口的也行。

Now create another environment specifying conda-forge only:现在创建另一个仅指定 conda-forge 的环境：

conda create -n test36_cforge -c conda-forge python=3.6 ipython geopandas

Activate the environment and load ipython again to import geopandas:激活环境并再次加载 ipython 以导入 geopandas：

(test36_cforge) C:\Users\guy.maskall>ipython
Python 3.6.11 (default, Aug  5 2020, 19:41:03) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.8.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import geopandas as gpd
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-a62d01c1d62e> in <module>()
----> 1 import geopandas as gpd

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\geopandas\__init__.py in <module>()
      5 from geopandas.array import points_from_xy  # noqa
      6
----> 7 from geopandas.io.file import _read_file as read_file  # noqa
      8 from geopandas.io.arrow import _read_parquet as read_parquet  # noqa
      9 from geopandas.io.arrow import _read_feather as read_feather  # noqa

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\geopandas\io\file.py in <module>()
      5 import pandas as pd
      6
----> 7 import fiona
      8 import pyproj
      9 from shapely.geometry import mapping

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py in <module>()
     84 import fiona._loading
     85 with fiona._loading.add_gdal_dll_directories():
---> 86     from fiona.collection import BytesCollection, Collection
     87     from fiona.drvsupport import supported_drivers
     88     from fiona.env import ensure_env_with_credentials, Env

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\collection.py in <module>()
      9 with fiona._loading.add_gdal_dll_directories():
     10     from fiona import compat, vfs
---> 11     from fiona.ogrext import Iterator, ItemsIterator, KeysIterator
     12     from fiona.ogrext import Session, WritingSession
     13     from fiona.ogrext import buffer_to_virtual_file, remove_virtual_file, GEOMETRY_TYPES

ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified procedure could not be found.

In [2]:
Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?

So that failed in ipython.所以这在 ipython 中失败了。 Now try it using just straight python:现在尝试使用直接的python：

(test36_cforge) C:\Users\guy.maskall>python
Python 3.6.11 (default, Aug  5 2020, 19:41:03) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import geopandas as gpd
>>>

That works.那个有效。

One of the answers in the above SO posts highlights GDAL, Fiona, pyproj, rtree, and shapely. 上述 SO 帖子中的答案之一重点介绍了 GDAL、Fiona、pyproj、rtree 和 shapely。 Comparing the output of conda list between the two environments above, I get exactly the same versions of them all.比较上面两个环境之间conda list的输出，我得到了完全相同的版本。 All but rtree even have the same build.除了 rtree 之外，所有的都具有相同的构建。 So I have:所以我有：

gdal                      3.1.4            py36h214b664_0    conda-forge  
fiona                     1.8.17           py36hdef4c2b_1 conda-forge  
pyproj                    2.6.1.post1      py36hfcef96e_3 conda-forge  
shapely                   1.7.1            py36h6dc46f0_1 conda-forge

and和

rtree                     0.9.4            py36h9a6d676_1    conda-forge

(associated with the env that didn't work) vs （与不起作用的环境相关）vs

rtree                     0.9.4            py36h21ff451_1

(in the env that does work). （在确实有效的环境中）。

What's quite confusing me is that despite some posts implicating gdal, and my error output above implicating fiona loading gdal (I think), both environments seem to have exactly the same version and build of gdal and fiona, and the error only occurs in the ipython kernel and not in python.令我感到困惑的是，尽管有些帖子暗示了 gdal，并且我上面的错误输出暗示了 fiona 加载 gdal（我认为），但两种环境似乎都具有完全相同的 gdal 和 fiona 版本和构建，并且错误仅发生在 ipython 中内核而不是python。

It's important for me to be able to easily replicate environments, and so conda is preferred.能够轻松复制环境对我来说很重要，因此首选 conda。 I have requirements other than simply getting geopandas to load.除了简单地加载 geopandas 之外，我还有其他要求。 For example, I use datacube, which recommends python 3.6.例如，我使用datacube，它推荐python 3.6。 I was previously running a higher version of python and I'd like to get a python 3.6 environment up and running so I can see if that resolves another issue I was having.我以前运行的是更高版本的 python，我想启动并运行 python 3.6 环境，以便我可以看看这是否解决了我遇到的另一个问题。 I'd like to narrow down what is causing this error as I want to be able to easily edit my conda env yaml to try different environments, and I may need to specify multiple channels as one suspect (for another issue) is prompt-toolkit, which only seems available in a version below 3 from esrf-bcu channel, but that's another story.我想缩小导致此错误的范围，因为我希望能够轻松编辑我的 conda env yaml 以尝试不同的环境，并且我可能需要指定多个通道作为一个嫌疑人（针对另一个问题）是 prompt-toolkit ，它似乎只在 esrf-bcu 频道低于 3 的版本中可用，但那是另一回事了。

So can anyone help point to所以谁能帮忙指点一下

  • What, exactly, is the package/version/build that could be causing this?究竟是什么包/版本/构建可能导致这种情况？
  • Why on earth, even in the problem environment, it only impacts ipython?究竟为什么，即使在问题环境中，它也只影响 ipython？

There's a small difference in python version (3.6.11 failing with 3.6.12 succeeding), and that's something I can explore, but that still leaves my question of why the difference between ipython vs python. python 版本有一个小的差异（3.6.11 失败，3.6.12 成功），这是我可以探索的东西，但这仍然让我的问题是为什么 ipython 与 python 之间存在差异。

In other news, I hate Windows.在其他新闻中，我讨厌 Windows。

Importing fiona and DLL path导入 fiona 和 DLL 路径

Update 2020/11/02 As the error seems to centre on fiona, I've boiled it down to just that. 2020 年 11 月 2 日更新 由于错误似乎集中在 fiona 上，我将其归结为仅此而已。 In the anaconda prompt shell, I ran set PYTHONVERBOSE=1 , then loaded ipython and tried to import fiona:在 anaconda 提示符 shell 中，我运行set PYTHONVERBOSE=1 ，然后加载 ipython 并尝试导入 fiona：

In [1]: import fiona
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\__init__.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\__init__.cpython-36.pyc'
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\_loading.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\_loading.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\_loading.cpython-36.pyc'
import 'fiona._loading' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000020344DC0C88>
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\__pycache__\socket.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\socket.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\__pycache__\\socket.cpython-36.pyc'
# extension module '_socket' loaded from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\DLLs\\_socket.pyd'
# extension module '_socket' executed from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\DLLs\\_socket.pyd'
import '_socket' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x0000020344DCED30>
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\__pycache__\selectors.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\selectors.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\__pycache__\\selectors.cpython-36.pyc'
import 'selectors' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000020344DD9358>
import 'socket' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000020344DCE198>
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\collection.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\collection.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\collection.cpython-36.pyc'
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\compat.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\compat.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\compat.cpython-36.pyc'
import 'fiona.compat' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000020344DE76D8>
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\vfs.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\vfs.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\vfs.cpython-36.pyc'
import 'fiona.vfs' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x0000020344DE7780>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-4c762272c079> in <module>()
----> 1 import fiona

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _find_and_load(name, import_)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _load_unlocked(spec)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap_external.py in exec_module(self, module)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _call_with_frames_removed(f, *args, **kwds)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__init__.py in <module>()
     84 import fiona._loading
     85 with fiona._loading.add_gdal_dll_directories():
---> 86     from fiona.collection import BytesCollection, Collection
     87     from fiona.drvsupport import supported_drivers
     88     from fiona.env import ensure_env_with_credentials, Env

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _find_and_load(name, import_)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _load_unlocked(spec)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap_external.py in exec_module(self, module)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _call_with_frames_removed(f, *args, **kwds)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\collection.py in <module>()
      9 with fiona._loading.add_gdal_dll_directories():
     10     from fiona import compat, vfs
---> 11     from fiona.ogrext import Iterator, ItemsIterator, KeysIterator
     12     from fiona.ogrext import Session, WritingSession
     13     from fiona.ogrext import buffer_to_virtual_file, remove_virtual_file, GEOMETRY_TYPES

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _find_and_load(name, import_)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _load_unlocked(spec)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in module_from_spec(spec)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap_external.py in create_module(self, spec)

C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\importlib\_bootstrap.py in _call_with_frames_removed(f, *args, **kwds)

ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified procedure could not be found.

But then exiting ipython and firing up straight python and trying to import fiona, I get a tonne more output (saving you all of it, but focusing on the bit where ipython seems to bail out):但是然后退出 ipython 并直接启动 python 并尝试导入 fiona，我得到了更多的输出（为您节省了所有这些，但专注于 ipython 似乎可以摆脱的部分）：

... ...

import 'fiona.compat' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x00000289AC978470>
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\vfs.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\vfs.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\vfs.cpython-36.pyc'
import 'fiona.vfs' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x00000289AC997550>
# extension module 'fiona.ogrext' loaded from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\ogrext.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'
# extension module 'fiona._geometry' loaded from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\_geometry.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'
# extension module 'fiona._err' loaded from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\_err.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'
# extension module 'fiona._err' executed from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\_err.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'
import 'fiona._err' # <_frozen_importlib_external.ExtensionFileLoader object at 0x00000289AC9EE7F0>
# C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\__pycache__\errors.cpython-36.pyc matches C:\Users\guy.maskall\anaconda3\envs\test36_cforge\lib\site-packages\fiona\errors.py
# code object from 'C:\\Users\\guy.maskall\\anaconda3\\envs\\test36_cforge\\lib\\site-packages\\fiona\\__pycache__\\errors.cpython-36.pyc'
import 'fiona.errors' # <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x00000289AC9EEFD0>

... ...

This is diving into guts I'm really not familiar with!这是潜入我真的不熟悉的胆量！ But it seems I can safely say a few things:但似乎我可以放心地说几件事：

  • Both ipython and python are importing from the same path (as you'd hope) ipython 和 python 都从同一路径导入（如您所愿）
  • After the point at which ipython bails, python reports/comments about extension module fiona.ogrext being loaded, which is the last error reported in the traceback在 ipython 退出后，python 报告/评论关于加载扩展模块 fiona.ogrext，这是回溯中报告的最后一个错误
  • Furthermore, that error is within the context of fiona._loading.add_gdal_dll_directories(), suggesting it's something to do with DLL paths此外，该错误在 fiona._loading.add_gdal_dll_directories() 的上下文中，表明它与 DLL 路径有关

But again I'm back to needing to ask why this function, or finding the DLLs, behaves differently in ipython as compared to python?但是我又要问为什么这个函数或找到 DLL 在 ipython 中的行为与 python 不同？

Also, I've verified I see this same behaviour on Windows 10 Pro Version 2004.另外，我已经确认我在 Windows 10 Pro Version 2004 上看到了同样的行为。

1 个解决方案

解决方案1
 0 已采纳  2020-11-02 17:44:35

The specific import issue has been resolved simply by specifying python 3.6.12 from 3.6.11, thus:只需从 3.6.11 指定 python 3.6.12，即可解决特定的导入问题，因此：

conda create -n test36_12_cforge -c conda-forge python=3.6.12 ipython geopandas
(test36_12_cforge) C:\Users\guy.maskall>ipython
Python 3.6.12 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Sep  9 2020, 00:29:25) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.8.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import geopandas as gpd

In [2]:
Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?

(test36_12_cforge) C:\Users\guy.maskall>ipython
Python 3.6.12 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Sep  9 2020, 00:29:25) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)]
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.8.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import fiona

In [2]:
Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)?

I'm reluctant to accept my own answer.我不愿意接受我自己的答案。 For a beer if we ever meet, can anyone explain why there'd be this difference in behaviour depending on whether the import is being done from ipython vs python?对于啤酒，如果我们见面，谁能解释为什么根据导入是从 ipython 还是从 python 完成的行为会存在这种差异？

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