NASM 中 printf 最简单的工作示例失败

Question

Using this code:

section .data
    msg db "Most basic printf example in NASM", 0xA, 0xD, 0
    len equ  $-msg

section .bss

section .text
    global _start       
    extern printf

_start:                 
    mov  rsi, msg
    push rax ;; for stack alignment 
    call printf

fails with the error undefined reference to `printf'

I'm trying to create the simplest worked example of calling printf from NASM.

I had read suggestions of adding -lc to ld ie:

ld -o worked-example -lc worked-example.o or ld -o worked-example worked-example.o -lc both prevent the error message - but then the file worked-example - can't be found with./worked-example - even though it can be seen with cat and ls

file worked-example indicates: worked-example: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld64.so.1, with debug_info, not stripped

EDIT: Based on comments below, I found the dynamic linker and tried to add that: ld worked-example.o -o worked-example -lc -dynamic-linker /usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 which works. [With a segfault and nothing printed - but it compiles and runs]

Answer 1

Michael helped fill in the missing pieces. The biggest issue is the linker command. Compile with:
nasm -f elf64 -F dwarf -g worked-example.asm

Then the linker needs to a call to the dynamic linker :
ld worked-example.o -o worked-example -lc -dynamic-linker /usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2

The exact path will vary by distro.
Use `sudo find / -iname ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" to find the correct path for your system.

In focusing on the linking problems, I forgot to end the program cleanly:

mov eax, 1 ; sys exit
mov ebx, 0 ; all OK 
int 80h    ; call the kernel

Perhaps, the easiest to understand worked example is:

section .data
    msg db "Most basic printf example in NASM", 0xA, 0
    len equ  $-msg

section .bss

section .text
    global _start       
    extern printf
   
_start:                 
    mov rdi, msg
    call printf
    
   ;end gracefully 
   mov eax, 1 
   mov ebx, 0
   int 80h 

However, there are a few problems with that. In deference to Peter, this is a more refined, basically identical, approach:

section .data
    msg:  db "Most basic printf example in NASM", 0xA, 0
    len equ  $-msg

section .text
    global _start       
    extern printf
    extern exit
   
_start:                 
    xor  eax, eax          ; 0 FP args
    lea  rdi, [rel msg]
    call printf

    xor  edi, edi
    call exit              ; exit(0)
     ; let C handle any stdio flushing before exiting
     ; see here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38379553/using-printf-in-assembly-leads-to-an-empty-ouput