pip 安装在运行 docker 容器内

Question

I have the following Dockerfile

FROM python:3.9.1

ARG APP_USER=anychat
RUN groupadd -r ${APP_USER} && useradd --no-log-init -r -g ${APP_USER} ${APP_USER}

WORKDIR /app/
COPY requirements.txt /app/

RUN set -ex \
    && BUILD_DEPS=" \
    build-essential \
    libpcre3-dev \
    libpq-dev \
    vim \
    " \
    && apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $BUILD_DEPS \
    && pip install -r requirements.txt

COPY ./src /app/

EXPOSE 8000

ENTRYPOINT ["/app/scripts/docker/entrypoint.sh"]

After running the container, I want to install the python library inside the running container

$ docker exec -it 1ab2a4b34 bash
anychat@947756b6ae96:/app pip install requests

But this gives the error

WARNING: The directory '/home/anychat/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned or is not writable by the current user. The cache has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting requests
  Downloading requests-2.25.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 61 kB 3.0 MB/s 
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
  Downloading certifi-2020.12.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (147 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 147 kB 3.3 MB/s 
Collecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2
  Downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 178 kB 3.3 MB/s 
Collecting idna<3,>=2.5
  Downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 58 kB 4.7 MB/s 
Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
  Downloading urllib3-1.26.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (136 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 136 kB 1.8 MB/s 
Installing collected packages: urllib3, idna, chardet, certifi, requests
ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/home/anychat/.local'
Check the permissions.

Answer 1

The problem is that you are trying to install packages, but:

1. You are not root , so pip can't write to the systemd-wide locations, and
2. Your anychat user has no home directory, so pip can't write to the default user location.

There are a few ways of addressing this problem. The easiest is probably to ensure that your anychat user has a home directory. Instead of writing:

useradd --no-log-init -r -g ${APP_USER} ${APP_USER}

Use:

useradd --no-log-init -r -m -g ${APP_USER} ${APP_USER}

The -m flag asks useradd to create the corresponding home directory.