如何在带有子图的 plotly 图中设置辅助 x 轴及其范围？

Question

does anyone know how to set a secondary x-axis and also its range in plotly?

I am trying to show a vertical histogram here but it is currently still too small

Vertical histogram

 import pandas as pd import numpy as np import plotly.graph_objects as go from plotly.subplots import make_subplots from plotly.graph_objs.layout import YAxis,XAxis,Margin x1 = np.linspace(0, 4, 41) y1 = (x1-2)**3+2 y2 = x1*0+2 x1_sample = np.random.normal(2,0.3,5000) y1_sample = (x1_sample-2)**3+2 data = np.column_stack((x1_sample, y1_sample)) df_hist = pd.DataFrame(data = data, columns = ['x1_sample', 'y1_sample']) fig = make_subplots(rows=1, cols=2, specs = [[{"secondary_y": True}, {"secondary_y": True}]], horizontal_spacing=0.2) # Subplot 1 ## Line fig.update_yaxes(range = [0, 4], dtick = 1, secondary_y=False) fig.add_trace( go.Scatter(x = x1, y = y1, mode='lines'), row = 1, col = 1 ) fig.add_trace( go.Scatter(x = x1, y = y2, mode = 'lines'), row = 1, col = 1 ) ## Histogram fig.update_yaxes(range = [0, 0.5], dtick = 0.1, secondary_y=True) fig.add_trace( go.Histogram(x = df_hist['x1_sample'], histnorm='probability', nbinsx=40), secondary_y=True, row = 1, col = 1 ) fig.add_trace( go.Histogram(y = df_hist['y1_sample'], histnorm='probability', nbinsy=40), row = 1, col = 1 )

Answer 1

To get what you need in your example, just add the following lines to your setup:

fig.update_layout(xaxis2= {'anchor': 'y', 'overlaying': 'x', 'side': 'top'})
fig.data[3].update(xaxis='x2')
fig.update_layout(xaxis2_range=[-0,0.6])

Line 1 sets up a secondary x-axis, while line 2 assigns a trace to it. I'm assuming fig.data[3] is the correct trace but you can check that for yourself. Line 3, unsuprisingly, sets the range of the secondary x-axis.

Plot

Complete code:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import plotly.graph_objects as go
from plotly.subplots import make_subplots
from plotly.graph_objs.layout import YAxis,XAxis,Margin


x1 = np.linspace(0, 4, 41)
y1 = (x1-2)**3+2
y2 = x1*0+2

x1_sample = np.random.normal(2,0.3,5000)
y1_sample = (x1_sample-2)**3+2
data = np.column_stack((x1_sample, y1_sample))
df_hist = pd.DataFrame(data = data, columns = ['x1_sample', 'y1_sample'])


fig = make_subplots(rows=1, cols=2, specs = [[{"secondary_y": True}, {"secondary_y": True}]],
                    horizontal_spacing=0.2,
                    shared_xaxes = False)

# Subplot 1
## Line
fig.update_yaxes(range = [0, 4], dtick = 1, secondary_y=False)
fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x = x1 , y = y1, mode='lines'),
    row = 1, col = 1
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Scatter(x = x1, y = y2, mode = 'lines'),
    row = 1, col = 1
)

## Histogram
fig.update_yaxes(range = [0, 0.5], dtick = 0.1, secondary_y=True)
fig.add_trace(
    go.Histogram(x = df_hist['x1_sample'], histnorm='probability', nbinsx=40),
    secondary_y=True,
    row = 1, col = 1
)

fig.add_trace(
    go.Histogram(y = df_hist['y1_sample'], histnorm='probability', nbinsy=40),
    row = 1, col = 1
)

fig.update_layout(xaxis2= {'anchor': 'y', 'overlaying': 'x', 'side': 'top'})
fig.data[3].update(xaxis='x2')
fig.update_layout(xaxis2_range=[-0,0.6])


fig.show()