R 自动绘图在逐行运行时有效，但在源化 R 脚本时无效

Question

I'm observing a very strange behaviour with R.

The following code works when I type it in line-by-line into an instance of R run from my terminal. (OS is Debian Linux.)

However it does not work when I try and run source("script.R") .

It also does not work from within R Studio.

Specifically, it fails to produce graphical output with autoplot . Writing to pdf file does not work, and if I remove the pdf() and dev.off() lines, no window containing the figure is opened.

Here's a copy of my script...

library(lubridate)
library(ggplot2)
library(matrixStats)
library(forecast)

df_input <- read.csv("postprocessed.csv")

x <- df_input$time
y <- df_input$value
df <- data.frame(x, y)

x <- df$x
y <- df$y

holtmodel <- holt(y)

pdf("autoplot.pdf")
autoplot(holtmodel)
dev.off()

And for convenience, here's a datafile.

"","time","value"
"1",1,2.61066016308988
"2",2,3.41246054742996
"3",3,3.8608767964033
"4",4,4.28686048552237
"5",5,4.4923132964825
"6",6,4.50557049744317
"7",7,4.50944447661246
"8",8,4.51097373134893
"9",9,4.48788748823809
"10",10,4.34603985656981
"11",11,4.28677073671406
"12",12,4.20065901625172
"13",13,4.02514194962519
"14",14,3.91360194972916
"15",15,3.85865748409081
"16",16,3.81318053258601
"17",17,3.70380706527433
"18",18,3.61552922363713
"19",19,3.61405310598722
"20",20,3.64591327503384
"21",21,3.70234435835577
"22",22,3.73503970503372
"23",23,3.81003078640584
"24",24,3.88201196162666
"25",25,3.89872518158949
"26",26,3.97432743542362
"27",27,4.2523675144599
"28",28,4.34654855854847
"29",29,4.49276038902684
"30",30,4.67830892029687
"31",31,4.91896819673664
"32",32,5.04350767355202
"33",33,5.09073406942046
"34",34,5.18510849382162
"35",35,5.18353176529036
"36",36,5.2210776270173
"37",37,5.22643491929207
"38",38,5.11137006553725
"39",39,5.01052467981257
"40",40,5.0361056705898
"41",41,5.18149486951409
"42",42,5.36334869132276
"43",43,5.43053620818444
"44",44,5.60001072279525

Pretty confused because it seems like a trivial script!

Answer 1

change it to:

print(autoplot(holtmodel))

When you step through code, you get an implicit print(...) statement on each code line. When you source() you don't. ggplot (and others!) use print() to trigger their ploting (so that you can conveniently build up a plot step by step without having to wait for flickering figures)