如何根据 linux 中的名称将文件移动到新目录？

Question

I am new to linux and need to solve a problem where I have a directory with many files in the following pattern:

./data/xaa_basic
./data/xaa_extra
./data/xab_basic
./data/xab_extra
./data/xac_basic
./data/xac_extra
... (+400)

How do I create a script to organize them into subdirectories as follows?

./data/1/xaa_basic
./data/1/xaa_extra
./data/2/xab_basic
./data/2/xab_extra
./data/3/xac_basic
./data/3/xac_extra
... (+400)

Answer 1

You might try something like (assuming your current working directory is the toplevel data ):

i=0; for f in x{a..d}{a..d}; do mkdir -p $((++i)); mv ${f}_{extra,basic} $i; done

Tweak the bounds to match the files you have. You might also just use a more shotgun approach and do:

 i=0; for f in x*_extra; do mkdir -p $((++i)); mv "${f%_extra}"_{extra,basic} $i; done

If you have any files of the form xxx_basic that do not have a matching _extra file, they will get skipped. Modify as needed.