在文件目录中搜索关键字

Question

I'm having difficulties to find the filenames that contain a keyword from a predetermined list. I manage to find all files from the directory and subdirectories, however finding keywords is not functioning. I would like to list all the files in my directory that contain a keyword in it's name:

path = ':O drive'
keywords = ['photo', 'passport', 'license']
files = [] # list of all files in directory
result = []  # list store our results

#list all files
for root, directories, file_path in os.walk(path, topdown=False):
        for name in file_path:
            files.append(os.path.join(root, name))

#find keywords in files            
for filename in files:
    for keyword in keywords:
        if keyword in filename:
            result[keyword].os.path.join(path, filename)

print(result)

Answer 1

You could just use glob for this, subbing the pattern with the keyword for each loop. This would create a dict of lists. In this case I have 1 file named photo.txt and 2 files named license 2019.txt and license 2020.txt in the working directory of the script.

from glob import glob
import os
keywords = ['photo','license', 'passport']

path = './'

output = {}
for word in keywords:
    output[word] = glob(os.path.join(path,f'*{word}*'))

Output

{'photo': ['.\\photo.txt'],
 'license': ['.\\license 2019.txt', '.\\license 2020.txt'],
 'passport': []}

Answer 2

If you just want a list of filenames that contain any of the keywords in your list, try list comprehension:

result = [os.path.join(path, f) for f in files if any(k in f.lower() for k in keywords)]

If you want a dictionary, do this instead:

result = dict()
for k in keywords:
    result[k] = [os.path.join(path, f) for f in files if k in f.lower()]

Answer 3

You can use Regex.

>>> import re
>>> keywords = ['photo', 'passport', 'license']
>>> m = re.findall(f"^.*[{'|'.join(keywords)}].*$", 'example-photo.jpg')
>>> m
print(m)

https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html

Answer 4

import os
for dirpath, dirs, files in os.walk(":O drive"): 
  keywords=['photo', 'passport', 'license','file']
  for filename in files:
    f = os.path.join(dirpath,filename)
    for keyword in keywords:        
      if keyword in f:
          try:
            print(f)
          except OSError as e:
            print("Error: %s : %s" % (f, e.strerror))

This is my proposed solution to your problem. And it also shows the full path of the file we are searching for, with try and catch if something unusual happens.