如何在 python 中使用正则表达式忽略以特定模式开头的字符串？

Question

Accept and return @something but reject first@last.

r'@([A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z0-9])

The above regexp will accept @something (starts with letter, ends with letter or number, may have underscore in middle, atleast 2 characters long) and returns the part after the @ symbol.

I do not want to return strings which contain some letters or number A-Z0-9 before the @ symbol.

Spaces, new lines, special characters, etc before @ is allowed.

CODE:

re.findall(r'@([A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z0-9])', text, re.I)

Answer 1

Use

re.findall(r'(?<![A-Z0-9])@([A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z0-9])', text, re.I)

See regex proof .

EXPLANATION

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (?<!                     look behind to see if there is not:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [A-Z0-9]                 any character of: 'A' to 'Z', '0' to '9'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  )                        end of look-behind
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  @                        '@'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (                        group and capture to \1:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [A-Z]                    any character of: 'A' to 'Z'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [A-Z0-9_]*               any character of: 'A' to 'Z', '0' to
                             '9', '_' (0 or more times (matching the
                             most amount possible))
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [A-Z0-9]                 any character of: 'A' to 'Z', '0' to '9'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  )                        end of \1

Answer 2

You can use

\B@([A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z0-9])

The pattern matches:

• \B Assert a position where a word boundary does not match
• @ Match literally
• ( Capture group 1
  • [AZ][A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z0-9]
• ) Close group 1

Regex demo

import re

text = "Accept and return @something but reject first@last."
print(re.findall(r'\B@([A-Z][A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z0-9])', text, re.I))

Output

['something']