如何使用星号创建 python 刽子手游戏

Question

I'm lost on this programming assignment. I'm supposed to make a hangman game that randomly generates a word taken from a text file (using FileIO) and prompts the user to guess one letter at a time with each letter in the word is displayed as an asterisk. When the user makes a correct guess, the actual letter is then displayed. Then when the user finishes a word, it will display the number of misses and ask the user whether to continue to play with another word.

This is what I have so far. I don't know what to do next. Please help!

import random 
hiddenWordList = []
words = []

def pick_word(infile):
    with open(infile) as f:
        contents_of_file = f.read()
    lines = contents_of_file.splitlines()
    line_number = random.randrange(0, len(lines))
    return lines[line_number]


def words():

    return(pick_word("vocab.txt"))

Answer 1

Here's a skeleton of something that might work.

def show_word(word, guessed_letters):
    guessed_letters = set(map(str.casefold, guessed_letters))
    # this is required for this minimal example, but will be a performance hit
    # better to do this when you insert the new guess into "guessed_letters"

    sanitized_word = ''.join([ch if ch.casefold() in guessed_letters else '*' for ch in word])
    print(sanitized_word)

You could write this a little more imperatively as:

from typing import Set

def show_word_explained(word: str, guessed_letters: Set[str]):
    # assume for this example that we've already casefolded all the letters in
    # guessed_letters.

    result = ''
    for letter in word:
        if letter.casefold() in guessed_letters:
            result += letter
        else:
            result += '*'
    print(result)

This is less performant and harder to read for an experienced Python programmer, though.

---

You could also improve your pick_word function by not reading the whole file into memory each time. Either read it through once and hold it in memory for the run of your application (this costs more memory) or never hold it in memory at all and read the file twice -- once to get the length, and again to pick the file you want (this costs more time)

import random
from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
def word_list_store_in_memory(infile):
    """
    Reads a file into memory, storing it in an least recently used cache
    """
    with open(infile) as f:
        return [word.strip() for word in f.readlines()]

def get_single_word_from_memory(infile):
    word_list = word_list_store_in_memory(infile)
    return random.choice(word_list)

def get_single_word_from_disk(infile):
    with open(infile) as f:
        num_words = len(f)
    needle = random.randrange(num_words)
    with open(infile) as f:
        # skip the lines before the selected word
        for _ in range(needle):
            next(f)
        # return the next one
        return next(f)

Answer 2

Once you've selected a random word (which you seem to have a handle on), you should have the gameplay done in a separate function that returns the number of failed attempts after the user found the word. It will then be easier to make a while loop that calls the function, prints the result and asks to continue with a other word:

Example gameplay function:

def hang(word):
    tried = set()
    while not tried.issuperset(word):
        print("".join(f"*{c}"[c in tried] for c in word))
        c = input("Enter a letter : ")
        if c in tried or len(c)!=1 or c<"a" or c>"z":
            print("invalid letter")
            continue
        if c not in word: print(f"Letter '{c}' not in word")
        tried.add(c)
    return len(tried.difference(word))

Example main loop:

more = "y"
while more == "y":
    word = pickRandomWord()
    missCount = hang(word)
    print(f"{missCount} missed attempts")
    more = input("Try another word ? (y/n) ")

Sample run:

********
Enter a letter : e
e*e*****
Enter a letter : l
ele*****
Enter a letter : p
elep****
Enter a letter : r
Letter 'r' not in word
elep****
Enter a letter : m
Letter 'm' not in word
elep****
Enter a letter : n
elep**n*
Enter a letter : t
elep**nt
Enter a letter : a
elep*ant
Enter a letter : h
2 missed attempts
Try another word ? (y/n) n