根据列将大 csv 文件拆分为多个文件

Question

I would like to know of a fast/efficient way in any program (awk/perl/python) to split a csv file (say 10k columns) into multiple small files each containing 2 columns. I would be doing this on a unix machine.

#contents of large_file.csv
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h
q,w,e,r,t,y,u,i
a,s,d,f,g,h,j,k
z,x,c,v,b,n,m,z

I now want multiple files like this:

# contents of 1.csv
1,2
a,b
q,w
a,s
z,x

# contents of 2.csv
1,3
a,c
q,e
a,d
z,c

# contents of 3.csv
1,4
a,d
q,r
a,f
z,v

and so on...

I can do this currently with awk on small files (say 30 columns) like this:

awk -F, 'BEGIN{OFS=",";} {for (i=1; i < NF; i++) print $1, $(i+1) > i ".csv"}' large_file.csv

The above takes a very long time with large files and I was wondering if there is a faster and more efficient way of doing the same.

Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

I needed the same functionality and wrote it in bash. Not sure if it will be faster than ravindersingh13 's answer, but I hope it will help someone.

Actual version: https://github.com/pgrabarczyk/csv-file-splitter

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eu

SOURCE_CSV_PATH="${1}"
LINES_PER_FILE="${2}"
DEST_PREFIX_NAME="${3}"
DEBUG="${4:-0}"

split_files() {
  local source_csv_path="${1}"
  local lines_per_file="${2}"
  local dest_prefix_name="${3}"
  local debug="${4}"

  _print_log "source_csv_path: ${source_csv_path}"
  local dest_prefix_path="$(pwd)/output/${dest_prefix_name}"
  _print_log "dest_prefix_path: ${dest_prefix_path}"

  local headline=$(awk "NR==1" "${source_csv_path}")
  local file_no=0
  
  mkdir -p "$(dirname ${dest_prefix_path})"

  local lines_in_files=$(wc -l "${source_csv_path}" | awk '{print $1}')
  local files_to_create=$(((lines_in_files-1)/lines_per_file))
  _print_log "There is ${lines_in_files} lines in file. I will create ${files_to_create} files per ${lines_per_file} (Last file may have less)"

  _print_log "Start processing."

  for (( start_line=1; start_line<=lines_in_files; )); do
    last_line=$((start_line+lines_per_file))
    file_no=$((file_no+1))
    local file_path="${dest_prefix_path}$(printf "%06d" ${file_no}).csv"

    if [ $debug -eq 1 ]; then
      _print_log "Creating file ${file_path} with lines [${start_line};${last_line}]"
    fi

    echo "${headline}" > "${file_path}"
    awk "NR>${start_line} && NR<=${last_line}" "${source_csv_path}" >> "${file_path}"

    start_line=$last_line
  done

  _print_log "Done."
}

_print_log() {
  local log_message="${1}"
  local date_time=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%3N")
  printf "%s - %s\n" "${date_time}" "${log_message}" >&2
}

split_files "${SOURCE_CSV_PATH}" "${LINES_PER_FILE}" "${DEST_PREFIX_NAME}" "${DEBUG}"

Execution:

bash csv-file-splitter.sh "sample.csv" 3 "result_" 1

Answer 2

With your show samples, attempts; please try following awk code. Since you are opening files all together it may fail with infamous "too many files opened error" So to avoid that have all values into an array and in END block of this awk code print them one by one and I am closing them ASAP all contents are getting printed to output file.

awk '
BEGIN{ FS=OFS="," }
{
  for(i=1;i<NF;i++){
    value[i]=(value[i]?value[i] ORS:"") ($1 OFS $(i+1))
  }
}
END{
  for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){
    outFile=i".csv"
    print value[i] > (outFile)
    close(outFile)
  }
}
' large_file.csv

Answer 3

The main hold up here is in writing so many files.

Here is one approach

use warnings;
use strict;
use feature 'say';
    
my $file = shift // die "Usage: $0 csv-file\n";

my @lines = do { local @ARGV = $file; <> };
chomp @lines;

my @fhs = map { 
    open my $fh, '>', "f${_}.csv" or die $!; 
    $fh 
} 
1 .. scalar( split /,/, $lines[0] );

foreach my $line (@lines) { 
    my ($first, @cols) = split /,/, $line; 
    say {$fhs[$_]} join(',', $first, $cols[$_]) 
        for 0..$#cols;
}

I didn't time this against any other approaches. Assembling data for each file first and then dumping it in one operation into each file may help, but first let us know how large the original CSV file is.

Opening so many output files at once (for @fhs filehandles) may pose problems. If that is the case then the simplest way is to first assemble all data and then open and write a file at a time

use warnings;
use strict;
use feature 'say';

my $file = shift // die "Usage: $0 csv-file\n";

open my $fh, '<', $file or die "Can't open $file: $!";

my @data;
while (<$fh>) {
    chomp;
    my ($first, @cols) = split /,/;
    push @{$data[$_]}, join(',', $first, $cols[$_]) 
        for 0..$#cols;
}

for my $i (0..$#data) {
    open my $fh, '>', $i+1 . '.csv' or die $!;
    say $fh $_ for @{$data[$i]};
}

This depends on whether the entire original CSV file, plus a bit more, can be held in memory.

Answer 4

Tried a solution using the module Text::CSV.

#! /usr/bin/env perl

use warnings;
use strict;
use utf8;
use open qw<:std :encoding(utf-8)>;
use autodie;
use feature qw<say>;
use Text::CSV;

my %hsh = ();

my $csv = Text::CSV->new({ sep_char => ',' });

print "Enter filename: ";
chomp(my $filename = <STDIN>);

open (my $ifile, '<', $filename);

while (<$ifile>) {
    chomp;
    if ($csv->parse($_)) {
    
    my @fields = $csv->fields();
    my $first = shift @fields;
    while (my ($i, $v) = each @fields) {
        push @{$hsh{($i + 1).".csv"}}, "$first,$v";   
    }   
    } else {
    die "Line could not be parsed: $_\n";
    }
}

close($ifile);

while (my ($k, $v) = each %hsh) {
    open(my $ifile, '>', $k);
    say {$ifile} $_ for @$v;
    close($ifile);
}

exit(0);