将令牌从一维 char 数组存储到 char** 数组

Question

I am trying to write a program that will dynamically allocate enough space to store all the words in a 1D char array separated by a space. ex: char* literal = "The quick brown fox"; char** words = {"The","quick","brown","fox"};

The program I wrote keeps segfaulting when trying to strncpy(str[buff_ptr],tok,strlen(tok));

I will post my code bellow:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

char* mutableString(char* lit){
  int size = strlen(lit);
  char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*size);
  strncpy(str,lit,size+1);
  return str;
}
int numTokens(char* str, const char* DELIM){
  char* clone = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char*));
  strncpy(clone,str,strlen(str)+1);
  int count = 0;
  for(char* tok = strtok(clone," "); tok != NULL; tok=strtok(NULL, " "))
      count++;
  free(clone);
  return count;
}
char** tokenize(char* str, const char* DELIM){
  printf("tokenize-------------------------\n");
  int size = numTokens(str, DELIM);
  //allocate space on heap for buffer
  char **buff = (char**)malloc(size*sizeof(char*));
  //get first word
  char* tok = strtok(str,DELIM);
  int buff_ptr = 0;
  while(tok != NULL){
    strncpy(buff[buff_ptr],tok,strlen(tok)+1);
    printf("buff[%d]%s\n",buff_ptr,buff[buff_ptr]);
    //increment to next word for storage
    buff_ptr++;
    //find next word in string
    tok = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
  }
  for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
    printf("%s\n",buff[i]);
  }
  //return 2D pointer
  return buff;
}
int main(){
  char* literal = "some literal string.";
  //convert string to mutatable string for strtok
  char* str = mutableString(literal);
  //set 2D pointer equal to the pointer addres returned
  char** no_spaces_str = tokenize(str, " ");
  printf("%s\n",str);
  for(int i=0;i<numTokens(str," ");i++){
    printf("%s\n",no_spaces_str[i]);
  }
  //free heap allocated memory
  free(str);
  free(no_spaces_str);
  return 0;
}

Please see attachment of lldb stack variables lldb output

Answer 1

Within the function mutableString there is dynamically allocated the character array str that does not contain a string

char* mutableString(char* lit){
  int size = strlen(lit);
  char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*size);
  strncpy(str,lit,size);
  return str;
}

So other functions invoke undefined behavior as for example in this for loop

int numTokens(char* str, const char* DELIM){
  int count = 0;
  for(; *str != '\0'; str++)
  //...

Moreover if the array contained a string nevertheless the function numTokens is incorrect because for example it returns 0 when a passed string contains only one word.

Also in the function tokenize

strncpy(buff[buff_ptr],tok,strlen(tok));

there are used uninitialized pointers buff[buff_ptr] allocated like.

char **buff = (char**)malloc(size*sizeof(char*));

And again you are trying to copy strings without including the terminating zero character '\0; using eth functions strncpy .

So this call in main

printf("%s\n",no_spaces_str[i]);

also will invoke undefined behavior.

Answer 2

Apart from the @Vlad from Moscow mentioned points,

1. Code don't have equal number of free operations, hence there is a memory leak. refer
2. strtok returns the pointer of the position after delimiters if not found it will return null . strok
3. malloc return values must not be type-casted Do I cast the result of malloc?

I tried to clean up the code find the snippet below, DEMO

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct{
    char** buff;
    int    size;
}Array_2d;

char* mutableString(const char* lit){
  int size = strlen(lit);
  char* str = malloc(size);
  strncpy(str,lit,size+1);
  return str;
}

int getNextWordLength(const char* str){
  int index = 0;
  while(*str && (*str != ' ')){
      //printf("%c",*str);
      ++index;
      ++str;
  }
  return index;
}

int numTokens(const char* str){
  int count = 0;
  for(; *str != '\0'; str++)
  {
    if(*str == ' ')
      count++;
  }
  return count;
}

void tokenize(const char* str, const char *DELIM, Array_2d *array){

  int len = strlen(str)+1;

    if(!str && !len){
        array->buff = 0;
        array->size = 0;
    }

    int number_of_words = numTokens(str)+1;
    //allocate space on heap for buffer
    char **buff = (char**)malloc(number_of_words*sizeof(char*));

    int index = 0; 

    do{
        //get first word
        
        int word_length = getNextWordLength(str);
        
        //To compensate null terminal
        buff[index] = malloc(word_length+1);

        strncpy(buff[index], str,word_length);

        buff[index][word_length+1] = '\0';

        str += word_length+1;
        ++index;

    }while(index < number_of_words);

    //update return value
    array->buff = buff;
    array->size = number_of_words;

}

int main(){
    char* literal = "hello world this is test";
    //convert string to mutatable string for strtok
    char* str = mutableString(literal);
    printf("Complete String is : %s\n",str);
    

    Array_2d array;
    // set 2D pointer equal to the pointer addres returned
     tokenize(str, " ",&array);

    printf("Tokenized String\n");
    for(int i=0;i<array.size;i++){
        printf("%s\n",array.buff[i]);
    }

    free(str);

    for(int i =0;i< array.size; ++i)
    free(array.buff[i]);

    free(array.buff);

  return 0;
}

Answer 3

This is the corrected version of the code above

1. When you copying string you should add 1 char for '\0'

   int size = strlen(lit)+1;

2. Tokens buffer size should be size+1

   nint size = numTokens(str, DELIM)+1;

    for (int i = 0; i<numTokens(str, " "); i++){
        printf("%s\n", no_spaces_str[i]);
    }

This code wouldn't work correctly. strtok manipulates the string you pass in and returns a pointer to it, so no memory is allocated. so all spaces will be replaced by '\0'

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable : 4996)

char* mutableString(char* lit){
    int size = strlen(lit)+1;
    char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*size);
    strncpy(str, lit, size);
    return str;
}
int numTokens(char* str, const char* DELIM){
    int count = 0;
    for (; *str != '\0'; str++)
    {
        if (*str == ' ')
            count++;
    }
    return count;
}
char** tokenize(char* str, const char* DELIM){
    printf("tokenize-------------------------\n");
    int size = numTokens(str, DELIM)+1;
    //allocate space on heap for buffer
    char **buff = (char**)malloc((size)*sizeof(char*));
    //get first word
    char* tok = strtok(str, DELIM);
    int buff_ptr = 0;
    while (tok != NULL){

        buff[buff_ptr]=tok;
        printf("buff[%d]%s\n", buff_ptr, buff[buff_ptr]);
        //increment to next word for storage
        buff_ptr++;
        //find next word in string
        tok = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i<size; i++){
        printf("%s\n", buff[i]);
    }
    //return 2D pointer
    return buff;
}
int main(){
    char* literal = "some literal string.";
    //convert string to mutatable string for strtok
    char* str = mutableString(literal);
    //set 2D pointer equal to the pointer addres returned
    char** no_spaces_str = tokenize(str, " ");
    printf("%s\n", str);

    for (int i = 0; i<numTokens(str, " "); i++){
        printf("%s\n", no_spaces_str[i]);
    }
    //free heap allocated memory
    free(str);

    free(no_spaces_str);
    return 0;
}

results

tokenize-------------------------
buff[0]some
buff[1]literal
buff[2]string.
some
literal
string.
some

Answer 4

char* mutableString(char* lit){
  int size = strlen(lit);
  char* str = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*size);
  strncpy(str,lit,size+1);
  return str;
}
int numTokens(char* str, const char* DELIM){
  char* clone = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*strlen(str));
  strncpy(clone,str,strlen(str)+1);
  int count = 0;
  for(char* tok = strtok(clone," "); tok != NULL; tok=strtok(NULL, " "))
      count++;
  free(clone);
  return count;
}
char** tokenize(char* str, const char* DELIM){
  char* clone = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*strlen(str));
  strncpy(clone,str,strlen(str)+1);
  // printf("tokenize-------------------------\n");
  int size = numTokens(str, DELIM);
  //allocate space on heap for buffer
  char **buff = (char**)calloc(size,sizeof(char*));
  //get first word
  char* tok = strtok(clone,DELIM);
  int buff_ptr = 0;
  while(tok != NULL){
    // printf("token%d:%s\n",buff_ptr,tok);
    buff[buff_ptr] = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*strlen(tok)+1);
    strncpy(buff[buff_ptr],tok,strlen(tok)+1);
    //increment to next word for storage
    buff_ptr++;
    //find next word in string
    tok = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
  }
  //return 2D pointer
  free(clone);
  return buff;
}
int main(){
  char* literal = "some literal string.";
  //convert string to mutatable string for strtok
  char* str = mutableString(literal);
  //set 2D pointer equal to the pointer addres returned
  char** no_spaces_str = tokenize(str, " ");
  int num_words = numTokens(str," ");
  char* oneD = (char*)calloc(strlen(str)+1,sizeof(char));
  for(int i = 0;i<num_words;i++){
    strncat(oneD,no_spaces_str[i],strlen(no_spaces_str[i])+1);
    printf("%s\n",oneD);
  }
  
  //free heap allocated memory
  free(str);
  free(no_spaces_str);
  free(oneD);
  return 0;
}

Is solution to my problem. Thanks to all those who commented and helped me understand dynamic memory better.