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如何从任何帐户使用 web3.py 进行交易?

[英]How to make transactions using web3.py from any account?

I am using Flask at the backend and ganache for my blockchain project.我在后端使用Flask并为我的区块链项目使用ganache I am also using Metamask .我也在使用Metamask My smart contract is on the remix website.我的智能合约在混音网站上。 And here is my contract:这是我的合同:

pragma solidity ^0.4.21;

contract Election{

    struct Candidate {
        uint voteCount;
        string name;
    }

    struct voter {
        bool authorized;
        bool voted;
        uint vote;
    }

    address public owner;
    string public electionName;

    mapping(address => voter) public voters;
    Candidate[] public candidates;
    uint public totalVotes;

    modifier ownerOnly() {
        require(msg.sender == owner);
        _;
    }

    constructor(string _name) public {
        owner = msg.sender;
        electionName = _name;
    }

    function addCandidate(string _name) ownerOnly public {
        candidates.push(Candidate(0, _name));
    }

    function getNumCandidates() public view returns(uint) {
        return candidates.length;
    }

    function authorize(address _person) ownerOnly public {
        voters[_person].authorized = true;
    }

    function vote(uint _voteIndex) public {
        require(!voters[msg.sender].voted);
        require(voters[msg.sender].authorized);

        voters[msg.sender].vote = _voteIndex;
        voters[msg.sender].voted = true;

        candidates[_voteIndex].voteCount += 1;
        totalVotes += 1;
    }

    function end() ownerOnly public {
        selfdestruct(owner);
    }

}

I am facing a problem with Vote function.我遇到了投票function 的问题。 When I run this whole contract after deploying on the remix website it is working fine.当我在混音网站上部署后运行整个合同时,它工作正常。 But when I am making transaction from my flask based app there is revert error even after having the voter in Voters list.但是,当我从基于 flask 的应用程序进行交易时,即使在选民名单中有选民之后也会出现还原错误 So using metamask I want to make my transaction for voting.因此,我想使用元掩码进行投票交易。 I deploy the contract with a default account.我使用默认帐户部署合同。

w3 = Web3(HTTPProvider('http://127.0.0.1:7545'))
w3.eth.defaultAccount = w3.eth.accounts[0]
contract = w3.eth.contract(address=address, abi=data["abi"])
tx_hash = contract.functions.vote(candidate_index).transact()
w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)

Now I want to make transactions from the account which I choose in Metamask.现在我想从我在 Metamask 中选择的帐户进行交易。 Because the above method is not working.因为上面的方法行不通。 Is there any way or any example to do it?有什么方法或例子可以做到吗? I also visited metamask documentation where the use of ethereum.request() is suggested.我还访问了 metamask 文档,其中建议使用ethereum.request() But I was unable to implement it in web3py.但是我无法在 web3py 中实现它。

Your code is correct.你的代码是正确的。 There are 2 require statements in vote . vote中有 2 个要求声明。 I think that is why you are getting the error.我认为这就是您收到错误的原因。 You can add custom message to require functions so you can see which one is causing the error:您可以将自定义消息添加到require函数,以便查看是哪一个导致了错误:

    require(!voters[msg.sender].voted,"You already voted");
    require(voters[msg.sender].authorized,"You are not authorized");

I believe since you already call vote with your default account, you are not passing the first require statement.我相信,由于您已经使用默认帐户进行了vote ,因此您没有通过第一个require语句。

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