如何实现 class 实例的延迟切片？

Question

I am building a class which has underpinning it a list of int s, its __getitem__ method is then a reasonably computationally involved function outputting a list of potentially large size. Here is the code:

Class A(list):

    def __init__(self, n):
        self.li = [i for i in range(0, n)]
        super().__init__(self.li)
        self._ind = 0

    def __getitem__(self, item):

        assert (type(item) is int and item >= 0) or type(item) is slice

        if type(item) is slice:
            start, stop, step = item.start, item.stop, item.step
            if stop is None:
                stop = len(self)
            if step is not None:
                for i in range(start, stop, step):
                    yield self[i]
            else:
                for i in range(start, stop):
                    yield self[i]

        if item == 0 or item == 1:
            return []

        out = []
        while item != 1:
            if super().__getitem__(item):
                p = super().__getitem__(item)
            else:
                out.append(item)
                return out

            if p not in out:
                out.append(p)
            item //= p
        return out

My code is currently not working as it always returns a generator, and this messes up iterating over an instance of the class. However upon slicing, I do not wish it to do all the computations and store it, as this would make it consume a lot more memory. An example of what I wish to do:

from math import prod

test = A(10**7)
out = 0
for i in test[10**6:10**7]:
    out += prod(i)

How can I make slices work efficiently?

Answer 1

Instead of returning a generator, return a view . This is an object that conceptually represents the sequence of elements in question. We can do this by storing a reference to the original A instance, plus a range that encodes the instances. When we index into the view, we can ask the range which original index (or indices) are involved.

Supposing we set up the general structure:

class A(list):
    def __init__(self, n):
        super().__init__(self.li)
        self[:] = [i for i in range(0, n)]

    def _at(self, idx):
        # custom logic here to return the correct value for self[idx]

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        if isinstance(idx, int):
            return self._at(idx)
        elif isinstance(idx, slice):
            # The `indices` method of a slice object converts to
            # start, stop, step values which we can use to construct a range.
            return A_view(self, range(*idx.indices(len(self))))
        else:
            raise TypeError # this is not an appropriate use for `assert`

Then our view could look like:

class A_view:
    def __init__(self, original, indices):
        self._original, self._indices = original, indices


    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        if isinstance(idx, int):
            return self._original[self._indices[idx]]
        elif isinstance(idx, slice):
            return A_view(self._original, self._indices[idx])
        else:
            raise TypeError

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._indices)

The idea is that if we receive an integer index, we translate it through the range object into an index for the original A , and call back to its __getitem__ (with an integer this time). If we receive another slice , we use it to slice our range into a sub-range, and make another view.

Note that your A class should already be iterable, due to inheriting from list . To make the view iterable (and also get the in operator, forward and reverse iteration, .index and .count methods for free), you can inherit from collections.abc.Sequence . You just need a __getitem__ and __len__ - both easy to implement, as above - and the base class will do the rest (while also advertising to isinstance that your class has these properties).

Answer 2

I'm not totally sure what you're asking. Does this work for your use case? Items will be generated lazily and not stored (unless the caller stores them).

class LazyCollection:

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if isinstance(key, int):
            return self.get_single_item(key)

        elif isinstance(key, slice):
            def my_generator():
                for index in slice_to_range(key):
                    yield self.get_single_item(index)
            return my_generator()


    def get_single_item(self, index):
        # (Example! Your logic here.)
        return index * 10


def slice_to_range(my_slice):
    '''
    More options for implementing this:

    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13855288/turn-slice-into-range
    '''
    start = my_slice.start if my_slice.start is not None else 0
    stop = my_slice.stop
    step = my_slice.step if my_slice.step is not None else 1
    return range(start, stop, step)


coll = LazyCollection()

# Get a single item
print(coll[9999])

# Get a slice
for x in coll[2:10]:
    print(x)

Output:

99990
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90