使用 Matplotlib 基于数组的线条颜色代码

Question

I am drawing multiple horizontal and vertical lines using ax.hlines() and ax.vlines() respectively. I want to assign values to these lines using the array P and the order of assignment is presented in the expected output.

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import numpy as np

fig,ax = plt.subplots(1)
n=3
for i in range(0,n):
    for j in range(0,n):
        rect = mpl.patches.Rectangle((200+200*i,200+200*j),10*n, 10*n, linewidth=1, edgecolor='black', facecolor='black')
        ax.add_patch(rect)
        ax.hlines(200+200*i+5*n, 200, 200*n, zorder=0)
        ax.vlines(200+200*j+5*n, 200, 200*n, zorder=0)

ax.set_xlim(left = 0, right = 220*n)
ax.set_ylim(bottom = 0, top = 220*n)
plt.show()

#########################################
P=np.array([[1.9],
       [4.9],
       [6.1],
       [8.2],
       [1.8],
       [5.8],
       [9.7],
       [7.3],
       [8.9],
       [2.5],
       [9.9],
       [0.7]])

#########################################

The current output is

The expected output is

Answer 1

Values bar is added following @Davide_sd.

I'm not sure if this sovles your problem.

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import Normalize
from matplotlib import cm


fig,ax = plt.subplots(1)
n=3

P=np.array([[1.9],
       [4.9],
       [6.1],
       [8.2],
       [1.8],
       [5.8],
       [9.7],
       [7.3],
       [8.9],
       [2.5],
       [9.9],
       [0.7]])

color = cm.get_cmap('Blues')
norm = Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=10)
color_list = []
for i in range(len(P)):
    color_list.append(color(P[i]/10))
print(color_list)
id = 0
for j in range(0, n):
    for k in range(n-1):
        ax.hlines(200+200*(n-j-1)+5*n, 200*(k+1)+5*n, 200*(k+2)+5*n, zorder=0, colors=color_list[id])
        id += 1

    for i in range(0, n):
        rect = mpl.patches.Rectangle((200+200*i, 200+200*j), 10*n, 10*n, linewidth=1, edgecolor='black', facecolor='black')
        ax.add_patch(rect)
        if j < n-1:
            ax.vlines(200+200*i+5*n, 200*(n-1-j)+5*n, 200*(n-j)+5*n, zorder=0, colors=color_list[id])
            id += 1

cb = fig.colorbar(cm.ScalarMappable(cmap=color, norm=norm))
cb.set_label("Values")
ax.set_xlim(left = 0, right = 220*n)
ax.set_ylim(bottom = 0, top = 220*n)
plt.show()

And the ouput is like:

Answer 2

You need to use a colormap, Normalize and ScalarMappable in order to create a colorbar.

Here is the procedure:

import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle
import matplotlib.cm as cm
from matplotlib.colors import Normalize
import numpy as np

#########################################
P=np.array([[1.9],
       [4.9],
       [6.1],
       [8.2],
       [1.8],
       [5.8],
       [9.7],
       [7.3],
       [8.9],
       [2.5],
       [9.9],
       [0.7]])

#########################################

# normalize the values. Values between 0 and 10 will be
# normalized to values from 0 and 1.
norm = Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=10)
Pnorm = norm(P)
# choose an appropriate colormap
cmap = cm.Blues

fig,ax = plt.subplots(1)
n=3
k = 0
for i in range(0,n):
    for j in range(0,n):
        rect = mpl.patches.Rectangle((200+200*i,200+200*j),10*n, 10*n, linewidth=1, edgecolor='black', facecolor='black')
        ax.add_patch(rect)
        # extract the color from the colormap
        ax.hlines(200+200*i+5*n, 200, 200*n, zorder=0, color=cmap(Pnorm[k]))
        ax.vlines(200+200*j+5*n, 200, 200*n, zorder=0, color=cmap(Pnorm[k]))
        k += 1

cb = fig.colorbar(ScalarMappable(cmap=cmap, norm=norm))
cb.set_label("Values")
ax.set_xlim(left = 0, right = 220*n)
ax.set_ylim(bottom = 0, top = 220*n)
plt.show()

There is a problem with the way you are currently plotting lines, as they are overlapping. You need to fix it!