[英]Plot multiple lines (data series) with unique colors and custom x_axis in R
I'm trying to generate a plot in R which has multiple lines (each line represents a different category), each with unique colors.我正在尝试在 R 中生成一个 plot ,它有多行(每行代表一个不同的类别),每行都有唯一的 colors。 The x-axis is the time, which start at 17:00 and end at 9:00 the next day.
x 轴是时间,从 17:00 开始,到次日 9:00 结束。 The y-axis is the frequency (ie number of counts) of each category at certain time.
y 轴是每个类别在特定时间的频率(即计数数)。 Please have a look at the csv file that I use to plot this:
请查看我用于 plot 的 csv 文件:
Time,-3,-2.5,-2,-1.5,-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,288,224,148,78,37,23,19
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,321,208,128,74,55,20,11
2,0,0,0,0,0,0,326,212,128,80,46,20,5
3,0,0,0,0,0,0,345,209,131,73,36,17,6
4,0,0,0,0,0,0,364,201,117,77,38,15,5
5,0,0,0,0,0,0,390,205,100,73,36,10,3
6,0,0,0,0,0,0,406,196,121,57,24,8,5
7,0,0,0,0,0,1,560,161,62,25,5,3,0
8,0,0,0,0,0,18,772,22,5,0,0,0,0
9,0,0,0,0,18,130,667,1,0,1,0,0,0
10,0,0,0,2,55,256,503,1,0,0,0,0,0
11,1,0,0,7,106,349,354,0,0,0,0,0,0
12,1,1,0,12,184,368,251,0,0,0,0,0,0
13,0,0,0,32,228,357,200,0,0,0,0,0,0
14,0,0,0,51,245,314,208,0,0,0,0,0,0
15,0,0,0,51,232,317,218,0,0,0,0,0,0
16,0,0,0,37,224,338,218,1,0,0,0,0,0
17,0,0,0,21,156,350,290,1,0,0,0,0,0
18,0,0,0,2,72,351,392,1,0,0,0,0,0
19,0,0,0,0,15,207,587,9,0,0,0,0,0
20,0,0,0,0,1,33,748,34,2,0,0,0,0
21,0,0,0,0,0,3,609,137,51,12,4,1,1
22,0,0,0,0,0,0,325,241,133,71,31,11,6
23,0,0,0,0,0,0,272,227,149,82,50,21,17
Aside from column Time, each column represent a category (ie -3, -2.5, -2, etc...).除了时间列之外,每一列代表一个类别(即-3、-2.5、-2 等...)。 At time 0, category -3 appears 0 times while category 3 appear 19 times and so on.
在时间 0,类别 -3 出现 0 次,类别 3 出现 19 次,依此类推。 I want my lines to represent the categories and show the frequency of each category over time on the graph (similar to this question, but instead of just crimeFreq I have multiple categories here.
我希望我的线条代表类别并在图表上显示每个类别随时间变化的频率(类似于这个问题,但不仅仅是犯罪Freq,我在这里有多个类别。
Another 2 things are:另外两件事是:
I have tried the solution above and solution from this question but was not being able to success.我已经尝试了上面的解决方案和这个问题的解决方案,但未能成功。 Some of my attempts are:
我的一些尝试是:
Attempt 1:尝试1:
df = read.csv("data_summary.csv")
// Taking the rows in the order of time that I want (i.e. from 17:00 to 9:00)
row_to_take = c(18,19,20,21,22,23, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
// Tring to plot it with x-axis in desired order
matplot(x = df$Time[row_to_take], y = df[row_to_take, 9:14], ylab = "Frequency", xlab = "Hour", type = c("b"), pch=3, col = 1:7, xaxt="n" )
axis(1, at = c(17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), las=0)
legend("topleft", legend = 1:7, col=1:7, pch=3)
However, this attempt does not generate a correct graph (incorrect x-axis and the category that was represent by the black color got drawn twice)但是,此尝试不会生成正确的图形(不正确的 x 轴和由黑色表示的类别被绘制了两次)
My second attempt:我的第二次尝试:
ggplot(df, aes(Time)) + geom_line(aes(y = 0, colour = "0")) +
geom_line(aes(y = 0.5, colour = "0.5")) + geom_line(aes(y = 1, colour = "1"))+
geom_line(aes(y = 1.5, colour = "1.5"))+ geom_line(aes(y = 2, colour = "2"))+
geom_line(aes(y = 2.5, colour = "2.5"))+ geom_line(aes(y = 3, colour = "3"))
This attemp has the same problem with the first attemp.此尝试与第一次尝试具有相同的问题。 Also, I don't know how to change the legend's name for each color and the axis's name (xlab and ylab doesn't work??)
另外,我不知道如何更改每种颜色的图例名称和轴名称(xlab 和 ylab 不起作用??)
Please suggest me a simple solution.请建议我一个简单的解决方案。 I'm very new in R and don't know much about advance functions/packages.
我是 R 的新手,对高级功能/包了解不多。 Thanks you all in advance:)
提前谢谢大家:)
You could use the lovely package ggplot2
.您可以使用可爱的 package
ggplot2
。 First, you should make your dataframe in a longer format using pivot_longer
and then you can assign each category as a line with color.首先,您应该使用
pivot_longer
使您的 dataframe 格式更长,然后您可以将每个类别指定为一条带颜色的线。 You can filter
the categories like this:您可以像这样
filter
类别:
df <- read.table(text = "Time,-3,-2.5,-2,-1.5,-1,-0.5,0,0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,288,224,148,78,37,23,19
1,0,0,0,0,0,0,321,208,128,74,55,20,11
2,0,0,0,0,0,0,326,212,128,80,46,20,5
3,0,0,0,0,0,0,345,209,131,73,36,17,6
4,0,0,0,0,0,0,364,201,117,77,38,15,5
5,0,0,0,0,0,0,390,205,100,73,36,10,3
6,0,0,0,0,0,0,406,196,121,57,24,8,5
7,0,0,0,0,0,1,560,161,62,25,5,3,0
8,0,0,0,0,0,18,772,22,5,0,0,0,0
9,0,0,0,0,18,130,667,1,0,1,0,0,0
10,0,0,0,2,55,256,503,1,0,0,0,0,0
11,1,0,0,7,106,349,354,0,0,0,0,0,0
12,1,1,0,12,184,368,251,0,0,0,0,0,0
13,0,0,0,32,228,357,200,0,0,0,0,0,0
14,0,0,0,51,245,314,208,0,0,0,0,0,0
15,0,0,0,51,232,317,218,0,0,0,0,0,0
16,0,0,0,37,224,338,218,1,0,0,0,0,0
17,0,0,0,21,156,350,290,1,0,0,0,0,0
18,0,0,0,2,72,351,392,1,0,0,0,0,0
19,0,0,0,0,15,207,587,9,0,0,0,0,0
20,0,0,0,0,1,33,748,34,2,0,0,0,0
21,0,0,0,0,0,3,609,137,51,12,4,1,1
22,0,0,0,0,0,0,325,241,133,71,31,11,6
23,0,0,0,0,0,0,272,227,149,82,50,21,17", header = TRUE, sep = ",", check.names = FALSE)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyr)
df %>%
pivot_longer(cols = -Time) %>%
filter(name >= 0) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Time, y = value, colour = name)) +
geom_line() +
labs(x = "Time", y = "Value", colour = "Category")
Created on 2022-08-25 with reprex v2.0.2使用reprex v2.0.2创建于 2022-08-25
Reverse x-axis values反转 x 轴值
You could use scale_x_continuous
with "reverse":您可以将
scale_x_continuous
与“反向”一起使用:
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyr)
df %>%
pivot_longer(cols = -Time) %>%
filter(name >= 0) %>%
filter(Time >= 9 & Time <= 17) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = Time, y = value, colour = name)) +
geom_line() +
scale_x_continuous(trans = "reverse") +
labs(x = "Time", y = "Value", colour = "Category")
Created on 2022-08-25 with reprex v2.0.2使用reprex v2.0.2创建于 2022-08-25
I combined the answer above from @Quinten and this answer: Setting limits with scale_x_time and was able to come up with this:我将上面来自@Quinten 的答案和这个答案结合起来: 使用 scale_x_time 设置限制并且能够想出这个:
df = read.csv("data_summary.csv", check.names = FALSE, header = TRUE)
df$Time <- as.POSIXct(df$Time)
df %>%
pivot_longer(cols = -Time) %>%
filter(name > 0) %>%
ggplot(aes(x=Time, y=value, color=name)) +
geom_line()+
labs(x="Time", y="Frequency", title="")+
theme_bw() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1,family="Times",
face="bold", size=12),
axis.text.y = element_text(family="Times", face="bold", size=12),
strip.text = element_text(size=6, face="bold")) +
scale_y_continuous(expand = expansion(mult = c(0, .1))) +
scale_x_datetime(date_labels = '%T',
limits = c(as.POSIXct('2022-08-24 22:00:00', tz = 'UTC'),
as.POSIXct('2022-08-25 14:00:00', tz = 'UTC')),
breaks = '1 hours')
The code yields this graph:代码生成此图:
which is what I need.这就是我需要的。 Note that I have to change my "Time" column into the format: 0:00, 1:00,etc... so that I can use as.POSIXct(df$Time) on it.
请注意,我必须将“时间”列更改为以下格式:0:00、1:00 等...以便我可以在其上使用 as.POSIXct(df$Time)。
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