append Haskell 中的两个单子列表有什么办法吗？

Question

I am learning Haskell at Uni this semester. I encountered a problem where I have a list of lists as IO [[String]] and I want to append an IO [String] to the first one.

Lets denote them as x and y. So I tried doing y >>= return. (++) [x] y >>= return. (++) [x] or y <> [x] . All of them gave the error: Could not match IO [[String]] with [IO [String]]. Any suggestions? Thank you.

Answer 1

In my opinion, the simplest general technique to learn is about how to use do blocks.

test :: IO [[String]]
test = do
   xss <- generateListOfLists  -- IO [[String]]
   xs  <- generateList         -- IO [String]
   return (xss ++ [xs])

The idea is that <- temporarily unwraps the monad, removing the IO monad from types, as long as at the very end we return a value in the same monad (the return at the end).

After one understands that general technique, one can then learn alternatives like applicative notation, which is not as general, but still nice.

test :: IO [[String]]
test =
   (\xss xs -> xss ++ [xs])
   <$> generateListOfLists
   <*> generateList

Using >>= is less common, and at least in this case, less convenient than a do block.

test :: IO [[String]]
test = 
   generateListOfLists >>= \xss ->
   generateList >>= \xs ->
   return (xss ++ [xs])