在 Python 的二维平面上绘制 3D 矢量场

Question

I would like to plot a 3D vector field on a 2D plane.

i tried plotting but not able to get a 3D view of the vector fields

any help would be highly appreciated and thankful

tried plotting using matplotlib 3d but with no success

Answer 1

Here's a version inspired by this post that gives a much cleaner picture.

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from matplotlib.patches import FancyArrowPatch
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d

class Arrow3D(FancyArrowPatch):
    def __init__(self, xs, ys, zs, *args, **kwargs):
        FancyArrowPatch.__init__(self, (0,0), (0,0), *args, **kwargs)
        self._verts3d = xs, ys, zs
        
    def do_3d_projection(self, renderer=None):
        xs3d, ys3d, zs3d = self._verts3d
        xs, ys, zs = proj3d.proj_transform(xs3d, ys3d, zs3d, self.axes.M)
        self.set_positions((xs[0],ys[0]),(xs[1],ys[1]))

        return np.min(zs)
        
coords_y = np.arange(-4,5)
coords_z = np.arange(-4,5)
coords = np.vstack([[0,y,z] for y in coords_y for z in coords_z])

angle = pi/4
R_mat = np.array([[cos(angle),-sin(angle)],[sin(angle),cos(angle)]])
vel_yz = coords[:,1:]@R_mat.T
vel = np.hstack([.1*np.ones([len(coords),1]),vel_yz])

fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,10),subplot_kw = {"projection":"3d"})
ax.view_init(vertical_axis = 'x')
ax.plot3D(*coords.T, 'ro')

for p,v in zip(coords,.2*vel):
    a = Arrow3D(*zip(p,p+v), mutation_scale=20, 
                lw=2, arrowstyle="-|>", color="b")
    ax.add_artist(a)

Result:

---

Here's something that gets pretty close to what you're looking for, using that 3D quiver method and setting the x-axis to be the vertical axis.

I'm still looking into how we could get the arrows to look a little nicer.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy.random import randn
from numpy import sin, cos, pi

coords_y = np.arange(-4,5)
coords_z = np.arange(-4,5)
coords = np.vstack([[0,y,z] for y in coords_y for z in coords_z])

R_mat = np.array([[cos(pi/4),-sin(pi/4)],[sin(pi/4),cos(pi/4)]])
vel_yz = coords[:,1:]@R_mat.T
vel = np.hstack([.1*np.ones([len(coords),1]),vel_yz])

fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (10,10),subplot_kw = {"projection":"3d"})
ax.view_init(vertical_axis = 'x')
ax.plot3D(*coords.T, 'ro')
ax.quiver(*coords.T, *vel.T, length = .1)

Sample result: