Rust 中在结构中存储引用的正确方法

Question

What is the proper way to store a reference in a struct and operate on it given this example:

// Trait that cannot be changed
pub trait FooTrait {
    pub fn open(&self, client: &SomeType);
    pub fn close(&self);
}

pub struct Foo {
    // HOW TO STORE IT HERE???
    // client: &SomeType,
}

impl FooTrait for Foo {
    pub fn open(&self, client: &SomeType) {
        // HOW TO SAVE IT HERE?
        // NOTE that &self cannot be changed into &mut self because the trait cannot be modified
        // smth like self.client = client;
    }

    pub fn close(&self) {
        // HOW TO DELETE IT HERE?
        // NOTE that &self cannot be changed into &mut self because the trait cannot be modified
    }
}

Is there a design pattern that could fit to my snippet?

Answer 1

This is horribly complicated on its surface because of lifetime issues. Rust is designed to guarantee memory safety, but this pattern creates an untenable situation where the caller of FooTrait::open() needs some way to tell Rust that the client borrow will outlive *self . If it can't do that, Rust will disallow the method call. Actually making this work with references is probably not feasible, as Foo needs a lifetime parameter, but the code that creates the Foo may not know the appropriate lifetime parameter.

You can make this pattern work by combining a few things, but only if you can modify the trait. If you can't change the definition of the trait, then what you are asking is impossible.

• You need an Option so that close can clear the value.
• You need interior mutability (a Cell ) to allow mutating self.client even if self is a shared reference.
• You need something other than a bare reference. An owned value or a shared ownership type like Rc or Arc , for example. These types sidestep the lifetime issue entirely. You can make the code generic over Borrow<T> to support them all at once.

use std::cell::Cell;
use std::borrow::Borrow;

pub trait FooTrait {
    fn open(&self, client: impl Borrow<SomeType> + 'static);
    fn close(&self);
}

pub struct SomeType;

pub struct Foo {
    client: Cell<Option<Box<dyn Borrow<SomeType>>>>,
}

impl FooTrait for Foo {
    fn open(&self, client: impl Borrow<SomeType> + 'static) {
        self.client.set(Some(Box::new(client)));
    }

    fn close(&self) {
        self.client.set(None);
    }
}