为什么 Selenium @FindBy 不能使用名称 xpath、css

Question

I have a Java program using Selenium and would like to use @FindBy() , but I can't solve the problem. My program is composed of several lines. I would like to share tasks between classes. And for that, I started with identity verification. I created this class which includes login and password.

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.CacheLookup;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.How;

public class LoginPageNew {

    WebDriver webDriver;

    public LoginPageNew(WebDriver driver) {
        this.webDriver = driver;
    }

    @FindBy(css = "[name='username']")
    @CacheLookup
    WebElement username;

    @FindBy(how = How.NAME, using = "password")
    @CacheLookup
    WebElement password;

    @FindBy(how = How.XPATH, using = "//button[normalize-space()='Login']")
    @CacheLookup
    WebElement submit_btn;

    public void loginPage() {
        username.sendKeys("Admin");
        password.sendKeys("admin123");
        submit_btn.click();
    }
}

And I created this class

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class BrowserFactory {

    static WebDriver driver;

    public static WebDriver startBrowser(String browserName, String url) {
        if (browserName.equals("chrome")) {
            driver = new ChromeDriver();
        }
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.get(url);
        return driver;
    }
}

And finally this test class

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class VerifyLoginPage {

    @Test
    public void checkValidUser() {
        WebDriver webDriver = BrowserFactory.startBrowser("chrome", "http://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/");
        LoginPageNew pageNew = PageFactory.initElements(webDriver, LoginPageNew.class);
            pageNew.loginPage();
    }
}

For me, I would like to work with the site "https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/" with login and password "Admin" and "admin123" with this architecture to do the test.

And I used

@FindBy(name="username"), @FindBy(css = "[name='username']"), 
@Find By(xpath = "//input[@placeholder='Username']")
@Find By(xpath = "(//input[@placeholder='Username'])[1]")
@Find By(how = How. NAME, using = "username")...

But there is no solution, always the same error.

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":"[name='username']"}
 (Session info: chrome=109.0.5414.76)
 For documentation on this error, please visit: https://selenium.dev/exceptions/#no_such_element
 Build info: version: '4.7.2', revision: '4d4020c3b7'
 System info: os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '11.0.16'
 Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
 Command: [f3cd14b65540143dd77567fdbdd70945, findElement {using=css selector, value= 
 [name='username']}]
 Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 109.0.5414.76, 
 chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 109.0.5414.74 (e7c5703604da..., userDataDir: 
 C:\Users\hp\AppData\Local\T...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:64620}, 
 networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: 
 Proxy(), se:cdp: ws://localhost:64620/devtoo..., se:cdpVersion: 109.0.5414.76, setWindowRect: 
 true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 
 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify, webauthn:extension:credBlob: true, 
 webauthn:extension:largeBlob: true, webauthn:virtualAuthenticators: true}

Answer 1

I will add this code

webDriver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));

thank you BMW83