使用Awk处理每个记录具有不同固定宽度字段的文件

Question

I have some data files from a legacy system that I would like to process using Awk. Each file consists of a list of records. There are several different record types and each record type has a different set of fixed-width fields (there is no field separator character). The first two characters of the record indicate the type, from this you then know which fields should follow. A file might look something like this:

AAField1Field2LongerField3
BBField4Field5Field6VeryVeryLongField7Field8
CCField99

Using Gawk I can set the FIELDWIDTHS , but that applies to the whole file (unless I am missing some way of setting this on a record-by-record basis), or I can set FS to "" and process the file one character at a time, but that's a bit cumbersome.

Is there a good way to extract the fields from such a file using Awk?

Edit : Yes, I could use Perl (or something else). I'm still keen to know whether there is a sensible way of doing it with Awk though.

Answer 1

Hopefully this will lead you in the right direction. Assuming your multi-line records are guaranteed to be terminated by a 'CC' type row you can pre-process your text file using simple if-then logic. I have presumed you require fields1,5 and 7 on one row and a sample awk script would be.

BEGIN {
        field1=""
        field5=""
        field7=""
}
{
    record_type = substr($0,1,2)
    if (record_type == "AA")
    {
        field1=substr($0,3,6)
    }
    else if (record_type == "BB")
    {
        field5=substr($0,9,6)
        field7=substr($0,21,18)
    }
    else if (record_type == "CC")
    {
        print field1"|"field5"|"field7
    }
}

Create an awk script file called program.awk and pop that code into it. Execute the script using :

awk -f program.awk < my_multi_line_file.txt 

Answer 2

You maybe can use two passes:

1step.awk

/^AA/{printf "2 6 6 12"    }
/^BB/{printf "2 6 6 6 18 6"}
/^CC/{printf "2 8"         }
{printf "\n%s\n", $0}

2step.awk

NR%2 == 1 {FIELDWIDTHS=$0}
NR%2 == 0 {print $2}

And then

awk -f 1step.awk sample  | awk -f 2step.awk

Answer 3

You probably need to suppress (or at least ignore) awk 's built-in field separation code, and use a program along the lines of:

awk '/^AA/ { manually process record AA out of $0 }
     /^BB/ { manually process record BB out of $0 }
     /^CC/ { manually process record CC out of $0 }' file ...

The manual processing will be a bit fiddly - I suppose you'll need to use the substr function to extract each field by position, so what I've got as one line per record type will be more like one line per field in each record type, plus the follow-on printing.

I do think you might be better off with Perl and its unpack feature, but awk can handle it too, albeit verbosely.

Answer 4

你可以使用Perl，然后根据该行的前两个字符选择一个解包模板吗？

Answer 5

更好地使用一些全功能的脚本语言，如perl或ruby。

Answer 6

What about 2 scripts? Eg 1st script inserts field separators based on the first characters, then the 2nd should process it?

Or first of all define some function in your AWK script, which splits the lines into variables based on the input - I would go this way, for the possible re-usage.