成员变量和STL算法

Question

#include <vector>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

struct Foo
{
    int i;
    double d;
    Foo(int i, double d) :
        i(i),
        d(d)
    {}
    int getI() const { return i; }
};

int main()
{
    vector<Foo> v;
    v.push_back(Foo(1, 2.0));
    v.push_back(Foo(5, 3.0));

    vector<int> is;

    transform(v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(is), mem_fun_ref(&Foo::getI));

    return 0;
}

Is there a cleaner way to access a member variable then then using a member function like I have above? I know how to do it using tr1::bind, but I need to have C++03 compliant code without boost.

Answer 1

It's absolutely unclean to need an accessor function in order to do that. But that's the current C++.

You could try using boost::bind , which does the trick quite easily, or iterate the vector explicitly, using a for( vector<int>::const_iterator it = v.begin(); .....) loop. I find the latter often resulting in clearer code when the creation of the functor becomes too much a hassle.

Or, shunning boost, create your own member-accessor shim function.

template< typename T, typename m > struct accessor_t {
   typedef m (T::*memberptr);

   memberptr acc_;

   accessor_t( memberptr acc ): acc_(acc){}
   // accessor_t( m (T::*acc) ): acc_(acc){}
   // m (T::*acc_);

   const m& operator()( const T& t ) const { return (t.*acc_); }
   m&       operator()( T& t       ) const { return (t.*acc_); }
};

template< typename T, typename m > accessor_t<T,m> accessor( m T::*acc ) {
   return accessor_t<T,m>(acc);
}

...

transform( v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(is), accessor( &C::i ) );

Answer 2

Like std::pair you could write access-or objects.

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

struct Foo
{
    int i;
    double d;
};

struct GetI { int    operator()(Foo const& o) const { return o.i;}};
struct GetD { double operator()(Foo const& o) const { return o.d;}};

int main()
{
    std::vector<Foo>    v;
    std::vector<int>    t;
    std::transform(v.begin(), v.end(), std::back_inserter(t),GetI() );
}

Note: You should look at std::pair<T1,T2>
And its accessors: std::select1st<T1> and std::select2nd<T2>

Answer 3

The most clear way for me is boost::bind :

#include <boost/bind.hpp>

...

transform(v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(is), bind( &Foo::i, _1 ) );

Surely you could create your own member access function, but I believe it will make your code less readable. boost::bind is widely known library, so using it will make your code pretty readable and no need to read your helper functions (which could contain bugs occasionally)

The second way I prefer is just to use for-loop (in this particular case):

for ( vector<Foo>::const_iterator it = v.begin(), it != v.end(); ++it )
    is.push_back( it->i );

May be it is not fashionable to use such simple loops, but they are very clear.