Java中人类可读和可解析的日期格式

Question

I want to save a Date object to a readable string (for example 22/10/2009 21:13:14) that is also parsable back to a Date object.

I have tried many things and the best I could find was to use DateFormater for parsing and formating but it has a setback. When you format a date you lose seconds information. I tried to find if there is an option to format it and display the seconds (even better would be to the millisecond level since that's the resolution the Date object allows you to have) but I came up short.

Any ideas?

Answer 1

Take a look at java.text.SimpleDateFormat

SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSS");
Date dt = new Date();
String S = sdf.format(dt); // formats to 09/23/2009 13:53:28.238
Date dt2 = sdf.parse(S); // parses back

Answer 2

SimpleDateFormat可以基于包含秒和偶数毫秒的非常简单的模式系统来格式化和解析日期。

Answer 3

Other answers are all good.

But when doing this kind of thing please pick a format that sorts properly when coded as a string.... "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss" is fine. It always astounds me when software engineers pick a date format which doesn't sort in the obvious, convenient way.

You'll save your fellow developers a lot of pain at some distant point in the future - think of it as good karma :-)

Answer 4

A little off-topic, but I always feel the need to remind people that DateFormat and SimpleDateFormat are not thread safe! The Sun documentation clearly states this, but I keep finding code out in the wild where people stick a SimpleDateFormat in a static ...

Answer 5

ISO 8601

Use ISO 8601 format.

• It's flexible, it includes seconds and fraction of second if there are any, but you may also leave them out if they are 0.
• It's standard, so more and more tools format and parse it. Great for serialization for storage or data interchange.
• It goes like 2009-10-22T21:13:14 , I should say it's pretty human-readable (though the T in the middle that denotes the start of the time part may feel unusual at first).
• The strings sort properly, as mikera requested in another answer , as long as the years are in the four-digit range from 1000 through 9999.
• The classes of java.time , the modern Java date and time API, as well as those of Joda Time parse ISO 8601 as their default, that is, without any explicit formatter, and produce the same format from their toString methods.

A modest demonstration of using java.time :

LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2009, 10, 22, 21, 13, 14);
String readableString = dateTime.toString();
System.out.println(readableString);
LocalDateTime parsedBack = LocalDateTime.parse(readableString);
System.out.println(parsedBack);

This prints two identical lines:

2009-10-22T21:13:14
2009-10-22T21:13:14

The latter System.out.println() call implicitly calls toString() once more, so this shouldn't surprise.

Answer 6

如果你想做一点点简单，并且免于制作你自己的大多数其他Answers所涉及的DateFormat，你可以利用java.time.Instant中的默认格式：

(new Date()).toInstant.toString();