有人可以解释这种意外的Python导入行为吗？

Question

I've run into some behavior from Python 2.6.1 that I didn't expect. Here is some trivial code to reproduce the problem:

---- ControlPointValue.py ------
class ControlPointValue:
   def __init__(self):
      pass

---- ControlPointValueSet.py ----
import ControlPointValue

---- main.py --------------------
from ControlPointValue import *
from ControlPointValueSet import *

val = ControlPointValue()

.... here is the error I get when I run main.py (under OS/X Snow Leopard, if it matters):

jeremy-friesners-mac-pro-3:~ jaf$ python main.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 4, in <module>
    val = ControlPointValue()
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

Can someone explain what is going on here? Is Python getting confused because the class name is the same as the file name? If so, what is the best way to fix the problem? (I'd prefer to have my python files named after the classes that are defined in them)

Thanks, Jeremy

Answer 1

I don't think it's unexpected. What you are basically doing is:

1) the first import in main.py imports the contents of ControlPointValue module into the global namespace. this produces a class bound to that name.

2) the second import in main.py imports the contents of ControlPointValueSet module into the global namespace. This module imports ControlPointValue module. This overwrites the binding in the global namespace, replacing the binding for that name from the class to the module.

To solve, I would suggest you not to import *, ever. Always keep the last module prefix. For example, if you have foo/bar/baz/bruf.py containing a class Frobniz, do

from foo.bar.baz import bruf

and then use bruf.Frobniz()

Answer 2

In addition to the other suggestions about star imports, don't name your module and your class the same. Follow pep8's suggestions and give your modules short all lower case names and name your classes LikeThis. Eg

---- controlpoints.py ------
class ControlPointValue:
   def __init__(self):
      pass

---- valuesets.py ----
from controlpoints import ControlPointValue

---- main.py --------------------
from controlpoints import ControlPointValue
from valuesets import *

val = ControlPointValue()