如何在Visual Studio 2008中启动新的CUDA项目？

Question

This is an incredibly basic question, but how do I start a new CUDA project in Visual Studio 2008? I have found tons and tons of documentation about CUDA related matters, but nothing about how to start a new project. I am working with Windows 7 x64 Visual Studio 2008 C++. I would really like to find some sort of really really basic Hello World app to just get a basic program compiling and running.

Edit:

I tried your steps Tom. I setup a console app. I then deleted the default .cpp it drops in and copied over the three files from the template project just to have something to compile. When I compile that, template_gold.cpp complained about not having stdafx.h included, so i included that. Now the build fails with this:

1>------ Build started: Project: CUDASandbox, Configuration: Debug x64 ------
1>Compiling...
1>template_gold.cpp
1>Linking...
1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol main referenced in function __tmainCRTStartup
1>D:\Stuff\Programming\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\CUDASandbox\x64\Debug\CUDASandbox.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals
1>Build log was saved at "file://d:\Stuff\Programming\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\CUDASandbox\CUDASandbox\x64\Debug\BuildLog.htm"
1>CUDASandbox - 2 error(s), 0 warning(s)
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

Answer 1

NOTE With the release of version 3.2 of the CUDA Toolkit, NVIDIA now includes the rules file with the Toolkit as opposed to the SDK. Therefore I've split this answer into two halves, use the correct instructions for your version of the Toolkit.

NOTE These instructions are valid for Visual Studio 2005 and 2008. For Visual Studio 2010 see this answer .

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CUDA TOOLKIT 3.2 and later

I recommend using the NvCudaRuntimeApi.rules file (or NvCudaDriverApi.rules if using the driver API) provided by NVIDIA, this is released with the toolkit and supports the latest compiler flags in a friendly manner. Personally I would advise against using the VS wizard, but only because I really don't think you need it.

The rules file (installed into the Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\\VC\\VCProjectDefaults directory) "teaches" Visual Studio how to compile and link any .cu files in your project into your application.

• Create a new project using the standard MS wizards (eg an empty console project)
• Implement your host (serial) code in .c or .cpp files
• Implement your wrappers and kernels in .cu files
• Add the NvCudaRuntimeApi.rules (right click on the project, Custom Build Rules , tick the relevant box), see note 1
• Add the CUDA runtime library (right click on the project and choose Properties , then in Linker -> General add $(CUDA_PATH)\\lib\\$(PlatformName) to the Additional Library Directories and in Linker -> Input add cudart.lib to the Additional Dependencies ), see notes [2] and [3]
• Optionally add the CUDA include files to the search path, required if you include any CUDA files in your .cpp files (as opposed to .cu files) (right click on the project and choose Properties , then in C/C++ -> General add $(CUDA_PATH)\\include to the Additional Include Directories ), see note [3]
• Then just build your project and the .cu files will be compiled to .obj and added to the link automatically

Some other tips:

• Change the code generation to use statically loaded C runtime to match the CUDA runtime; right click on the project and choose Properties , then in C/C++ -> Code Generation change the Runtime Library to /MT (or /MTd for debug, in which case you will need to mirror this in Runtime API -> Host -> Runtime Library ), see note [4]
• Enable syntax highlighting using the usertype.dat file included with the SDK, see the readme.txt in <sdk_install_dir>\\C\\doc\\syntax_highlighting\\visual_studio_8

I'd also recommend enabling Intellisense support with the following registry entry (replace 9.0 with 8.0 for VS2005 instead of VS2008):

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\9.0\Languages\Language Services\C/C++]
"NCB Default C/C++ Extensions"=".cpp;.cxx;.c;.cc;.h;.hh;.hxx;.hpp;.inl;.tlh;.tli;.cu;.cuh;.cl"

Incidentally I would advocate avoiding cutil if possible, instead roll your own checking. Cutil is not supported by NVIDIA, it's just used to try to keep the examples in the SDK focussed on the actual program and algorithm design and avoid repeating the same things in every example (eg command line parsing). If you write your own then you will have much better control and will know what is happening. For example, the cutilSafeCall wrapper calls exit() if the function fails - a real application (as opposed to a sample) should probably handle the failure more elegantly!

---

CUDA TOOLKIT 3.1 and earlier

I would use the Cuda.rules file provided by NVIDIA with the SDK, this is released alongside the toolkit and supports the latest compiler flags in a friendly manner. Personally I would advise against using the VS wizard, but only because I really don't think you need it.

The rules file (in the C\\common directory of the SDK) "teaches" Visual Studio how to compile and link any .cu files in your project into your application.

• Create a new project using the standard MS wizards (eg an empty console project)
• Implement your host (serial) code in .c or .cpp files
• Implement your wrappers and kernels in .cu files
• Add the Cuda.rules (right click on the project, Custom Build Rules , browse for the rules file and ensure it is ticked)
• Add the CUDA runtime library (right click on the project and choose Properties , then in Linker -> General add $(CUDA_LIB_PATH) to the Additional Library Directories and in Linker -> Input add cudart.lib to the Additional Dependencies ), see note [2] below
• Optionally add the CUDA include files to the search path, required if you include any CUDA files in your .cpp files (as opposed to .cu files) (right click on the project and choose Properties , then in C/C++ -> General add $(CUDA_INC_PATH) to the Additional Include Directories )
• Then just build your project and the .cu files will be compiled to .obj and added to the link automatically

Some other tips:

• Change the code generation to use statically loaded C runtime to match the CUDA runtime, right click on the project and choose Properties , then in C/C++ -> Code Generation change the Runtime Library to /MT (or /MTd for debug, in which case you will need to mirror this in CUDA Build Rule -> Hybrid CUDA/C++ Options ), see note [4]
• Enable syntax highlighting using the usertype.dat file included with the SDK, see the readme.txt in <sdk_install_dir>\\C\\doc\\syntax_highlighting\\visual_studio_8

I'd also recommend enabling Intellisense support with the following registry entry (replace 9.0 with 8.0 for VS2005 instead of VS2008):

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\9.0\Languages\Language Services\C/C++]
"NCB Default C/C++ Extensions"=".cpp;.cxx;.c;.cc;.h;.hh;.hxx;.hpp;.inl;.tlh;.tli;.cu;.cuh;.cl"

Incidentally I would advocate avoiding cutil if possible, instead roll your own checking. Cutil is not supported by NVIDIA, it's just used to try to keep the examples in the SDK focussed on the actual program and algorithm design and avoid repeating the same things in every example (eg command line parsing). If you write your own then you will have much better control and will know what is happening. For example, the cutilSafeCall wrapper calls exit() if the function fails - a real application (as opposed to a sample) should probably handle the failure more elegantly!

---

NOTE

1. You can also use a Toolkit-version-specific rules fule eg NvCudaRuntimeApi.v3.2.rules . This means that instead of looking for the CUDA Toolkit in %CUDA_PATH% it will look in %CUDA_PATH_V3_2%, which in turn means that you can have multiple versions of the CUDA Toolkit installed on your system and different projects can target different versions. See also note [3].
2. The rules file cannot modify the C/C++ compilation and linker settings, since it is simply adding compilation settings for the CUDA code. Therefore you need to do this step manually. Remember to do it for all configurations!
3. If you want to stabilise on a specific CUDA Toolkit version then you should replace CUDA_PATH with CUDA_PATH_V3_2. See also note 1 .
4. Having mismatched version of the C runtime can cause a variety of problems; in particular if you have any errors regarding LIBCMT (eg LNK4098: defaultlib 'LIBCMT' conflicts with use of other libs ) or multiply defined symbols for standard library functions, then this should be your first suspect.

Answer 2

What a great question!! For all the CUDA documentation out there, this is something that I've always thought was an obvious omission... In fact, I'm really glad I found this post, because after using CUDA for quite a while, I still hadn't found an official, correct way to get VS to produce a CUDA program from scratch.

When I've needed to start a new CUDA program, I've always just copied and modified the " template " example from the SDK directory. This may not be exactly what you're looking for, because it doesn't start fresh, but it is a quick way to get a CUDA-capable project working in VS with all the correct project/file names...

1. Make a copy of the " template " example from the SDK, and rename the directory -- the only necessary contents in the directory are source code and VS .sln and .vcproj files
2. Rename both .sln and .vcproj files
3. Open the .sln file in a text editor, and rename the Project variable and .vcproj filename in the 3rd line of the file
4. Open the .vcproj file in a text editor, and rename the Name and RootNamespace variables in the first few lines of the file
5. Open the project with VS, and open the Property Pages (right click on the project name in the solution explorer pane, select "Properties")
6. Change the Output File name in the Property Pages (under Configuration Properties -> Linker -> General) ... Before I change the filename, I select "All Configurations" from the Configuration pull-down and "x64" from the Platform pull-down, since I'm on a 64-bit system
7. Change the Program Database File name in the Property Pages (under Configuration Properties -> Linker -> Debugging) ... Before I change the filename, I select "Debug" and "x64" in the pull-downs.

Answer 3

• Install CUDA VS wizard. It will setup VS and add CUDA Project to the "new project" menu.
  
• Make sure that you have x64 compiler installed (must be checked during VS install).
  
• Check if you have x64 libs, includes, nvcc dir and in the search path.
• Create new project using CUDA template.
  
• Change project type to x64 and CUDA setting to Native (if you have nv cuda-enabled card) or emulation otherwise.
• The template will create custom build rules that compile .cu files with nvcc and other files with default compiler.
• if, vs is trying to compile .cu files with C/C++ compiler, click on that file in solution explorer and disable compilation for that files (red dot on file's icon)

Additional info about installing CUDA wizard on VS2008 can be found here and here

[edit]
If you don't want to use wizard you have to setup CUDA lib/include/nvcc paths manually and add custom build rules to each new CUDA program. For additional info how to do it take a look at Tom's Answer.

Answer 4

您可能需要查看本指南： http ： //www.programmerfish.com/how-to-run-cuda-on-visual-studio-2008-vs08/