关于“成员”的C＃扩展方法

Question

I have some extension methods which could be used like this:

MyType myObject; 
string displayName = myObject.GetDisplayName(x => x.Property);

The problem here is that it needs an instance, even if the extension method only needs the type MyType . So if there is no instance, it needs to be called like this:

string displayName = BlahBlahUtility.GetDisplayName((MyTpe x) => x.Property);

Which is not so nice anymore.

Is there a way to write better syntax for such cases?

What I actually want to do is this (pseudo language):

string displayName = MyType.Property.GetDisplayName()

Which of course does not work with C#.

But what about something like this:

string displayName = ((MyType x) => x.Property).GetDisplayName();

This is also not possible (after a lambda, a dot is not accepted).

Any ideas?

---

Edit :

My "favorite syntax" MyType.Property.GetDisplayName() seems to be misleading. I don't talk about static properties here. I know that this syntax won't be possible. I just tried to show in pseudo language, what information is necessary. This would be ideal, every additional stuff is just syntactical overhead. Any working syntax that is close to this would be great.

I don't want to write a certain extension method. I want an easy, readable and compile time safe syntax, using any language feature .

Answer 1

Have a look at the Express and Reflect classes in the Lokad Shared Libraries . Think they may help out with what you are trying to do. Read more here:

• Strongly Typed Reflection in Lokad Shared
• How to Find Out Variable or Parameter Name in C#?

Answer 2

From your comment: "I want an easy and compile time safe syntax to get information about members".

This is a very frequently requested feature and has been discussed in the C# team's meetings for about a decade, but has never been prioritised high enough to be included.

This blog post explains why:

http://blogs.msdn.com/ericlippert/archive/2009/05/21/in-foof-we-trust-a-dialogue.aspx

So for now, you're just going to be fighting against a missing feature. Maybe you could post more information about your broader problem and see if people can suggest different approaches.

Update

Without more info about your problem this is just guesswork. But if you have a property that represents a value but also carries additional "meta" information, you could always represent that as a new type and use an "injection" step to set everything up.

Here's a suggested abstract interface to such a "meta property":

public interface IMetaProperty<TValue>
{
    TValue Value { get; set; }

    string DisplayName { get; }

    event Action<TValue, TValue> ValueChanged;
}

The value of the property is just another sub-property, with its type defined by the user.

I've put in the display name, and also as a bonus you've got an event that fires when the value changes (so you get "observability" for free).

To have properties like this in a class, you'd declare it like this:

public class SomeClass
{
    public IMetaProperty<string> FirstName { get; private set; }
    public IMetaProperty<string> LastName { get; private set; }
    public IMetaProperty<int> Age { get; private set; }

    public SomeClass() { MetaProperty.Inject(this); }
}

Note how the setters on the properties are private. This stops anyone from accidentally setting the property itself instead of setting the Value sub-property.

So this means the class has to set up those properties so they aren't just null . It does this by calling a magic Inject method, which can work on any class:

public static class MetaProperty
{
    // Make it convenient for us to fill in the meta information
    private interface IMetaPropertyInit
    {
        string DisplayName { get; set; }
    }

    // Implementation of a meta-property
    private class MetaPropertyImpl<TValue> : IMetaProperty<TValue>, 
                                             IMetaPropertyInit
    {
        private TValue _value;

        public TValue Value
        {
            get { return _value; }
            set
            {
                var old = _value;
                _value = value;
                ValueChanged(old, _value);
            }
        }

        public string DisplayName { get; set; }

        public event Action<TValue, TValue> ValueChanged = delegate { };
    }

    public static void Inject(object target)
    {
        // for each meta property...
        foreach (var property in target.GetType().GetProperties()
            .Where(p => p.PropertyType.IsGenericType && 
                        p.PropertyType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() 
                            == typeof(IMetaProperty<>)))
        {
            // construct an implementation with the correct type
            var impl = (IMetaPropertyInit) 
                typeof (MetaPropertyImpl<>).MakeGenericType(
                    property.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments()
                ).GetConstructor(Type.EmptyTypes).Invoke(null);

            // initialize any meta info (could examine attributes...)
            impl.DisplayName = property.Name;

            // set the value
            property.SetValue(target, impl, null);
        }
    }
}

It just uses reflection to find all the IMetaProperty slots hiding in the object, and fills them in with an implementation.

So now a user of SomeClass could say:

var sc = new SomeClass
             {
                 FirstName = { Value = "Homer" },
                 LastName = { Value = "Simpson" },
                 Age = { Value = 38 },
             };

Console.WriteLine(sc.FirstName.DisplayName + " = " + sc.FirstName.Value);

sc.Age.ValueChanged += (from, to) => 
    Console.WriteLine("Age changed from " + from + " to " + to);

sc.Age.Value = 39;

// sc.Age = null; compiler would stop this

If you're already using an IOC container you may be able to achieve some of this without going directly to reflection.

Answer 3

It looks like you're trying to create a static extension method?

DateTime yesterday = DateTime.Yesterday(); // Static extension.

Instead of

DateTime yesterday = DateTime.Now.Yesterday(); // Extension on DateTime instance.

If this is what you're trying to pull off, I do not believe it is possible in the current version of C#.

Answer 4

It sounds like you are integrating layers a little too tightly. Normally in this type of situation I would let the presentation layer decide the implementation of GetDisplayName() instead of making it an extension of the property itself. You could create an interface called MyTypeDisplayer or whatever you fancy, and let there be multiple implementations of it not limiting you to a single display implementation.

Answer 5

The issue here is that one cannot get a reference to non-static methods via instance MyType.[Member]. These can only be seen through a reference to an instance of the type. You also cannot build an extension method on-top of a type declaration, only on an instance of a type - that is the extension method itself has to be defined using an instance of a type (this T x).

One can however define the expression like this to get a reference to static members: ((MyType x) => MyType.Property)

One could do something similar to string displayName = ((MyType x) => x.Property).GetDisplayName(); The first issue is guaranteeing that the compiler treats your (x=> x.Property) as an Expression rather than an action/func etc... To do this one might need to do this:

string displayName = ((Expression<Func<PropertyType>>)((MyType x) => x.Property).GetDisplayName();

The extension method would then have to be defined like this:

public static string GetDisplayName<T>(this Expression<Func<T>> expression)

You might also have to define an extension method on top of Expression<Action>> and Expression<Action<T>> if your members are also methods.

You can do a dot after an Expression - this is where the Compile method would reside.

Appended:

I think the static call to the extension method in cases that one doesn't have an instance of the type one needs to do "reflection" on to determine a Members name would be the cleanest syntax still - this way you could still use the extension method when using an instance of a type and fall back to the static call definition => MyExtensionClass.GetDisplayName(TypeOfX x => TypeOfX.StaticMember OR x.Property/Member) when one doesn't have an instance

Answer 6

If you interface your properties, you could make the extension on the interface instead:

namespace Linq1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            MyType o = new MyType();
            o.Property.GetDisplayName();
        }
    }

    public class MyType
    {
        public IDisplayableProperty Property { get; set; }
    }

    public interface IDisplayableProperty 
    {
        string GetText();
    }

    public class MyProperty1 : IDisplayableProperty 
    {
        public string GetText() { return "MyProperty2"; }
    }

    public class MyProperty2 : IDisplayableProperty 
    {
        public string GetText() { return "MyProperty2"; }
    }

    public static class Extensions
    {
        public static string GetDisplayName(this IDisplayableProperty o)
        {
            return o.GetText();
        }
    }
}