如何在没有本地 Python 安装的情况下创建嵌入并运行 Python 代码的应用程序？

Question

Hello fellow software developers.

I want to distribute a C program which is scriptable by embedding the Python interpreter.
The C program uses Py_Initialize, PyImport_Import and so on to accomplish Python embedding.

I'm looking for a solution where I distribute only the following components:

• my program executable and its libraries
• the Python library (dll/so)
• a ZIP-file containing all necessary Python modules and libraries.

How can I accomplish this? Is there a step-by-step recipe for that?

The solution should be suitable for both Windows and Linux.

Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

Have you looked at Python's official documentation : Embedding Python into another application ?

There's also this really nice PDF by IBM : Embed Python scripting in C application .

You should be able to do what you want using those two resources.

Answer 2

I simply tested my executable on a computer which hasn't Python installed and it worked.

When you link Python to your executable (no matter if dynamically or statically) your executable already gains basic Python language functionality (operators, methods, basic structures like string, list, tuple, dict, etc.) WITHOUT any other dependancy.

Then I let Python's setup.py compile a Python source distribution via python setup.py sdist --format=zip which gave me a ZIP file I named pylib-2.6.4.zip .

My further steps were:

char pycmd[1000]; // temporary buffer for forged Python script lines
...
Py_NoSiteFlag=1;
Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
Py_SetPythonHome(directoryWhereMyOwnPythonScriptsReside);
Py_InitializeEx(0);

// forge Python command to set the lookup path
// add the zipped Python distribution library to the search path as well
snprintf(
    pycmd,
    sizeof(pycmd),
    "import sys; sys.path = ['%s/pylib-2.6.4.zip','%s']",
    applicationDirectory,
    directoryWhereMyOwnPythonScriptsReside
);

// ... and execute
PyRun_SimpleString(pycmd);

// now all succeeding Python import calls should be able to
// find the other modules, especially those in the zipped library

...

Answer 3

Did you take a look at Portable Python ? No need to install anything. Just copy the included files to use the interpreter.

Edit : This is a Windows only solution.

Answer 4

I think here is the answer you want Unable to get python embedded to work with zip'd library

Basically, you need:

Py_NoSiteFlag=1;
Py_SetProgramName(argv[0]);
Py_SetPythonHome(".");
Py_InitializeEx(0);
PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
PyRun_SimpleString("sys.path = ['.','python27.zip','python27.zip/DLLs','python27.zip/Lib','python27.zip/site-packages']");

in your c/c++ code for loading the python standard library.

And in your python27.zip , all .py source code are located at python27.zip/Lib as described in the sys.path variable.

Hope this helps.

Answer 5

Have you looked at Embedding Python in Another Application in the Python documentation?

Once you have that, you can use an import hook (see PEP 302 ) to have your embedded Python code load modules from whatever place you choose. If you have everything in one zipfile, though, you probably just need to make it the only entry on sys.path .

Answer 6

There's a program called py2exe. I don't know if it's only available for Windows. Also, the latest version that I used does not wrap everything up into one .exe file. It creates a bunch of stuff that has to be distributed - a zip file, etc..

Answer 7

You can compile to one.exe file using pyinstaller

pip install pyinstaller

pyinstaller --onefile urPythonScriptName.py